Defining communication reticence as anxiousness due to a lack of basic communication skills, a study was conducted to determine (1) whether significant differences exist in the distribution of sex roles between reticent and nonreticent populations, (2) whether reticents and nonreticents differ in masculinity and femininity, and (3) which qualities…

This article describes the design and testing of a computer-based program that administers and scores the California Psychological Inventory. Results indicate a considerable difference between the mean CPI subscale results of the computer administered and traditionally administered groups, particularly for males. (Author)

To gauge the effect that different attitudes and child-rearing practices may have on the development of empathy, the responses to an empathy test of 64 Athenian children were compared to those obtained earlier from 46 children in Los Angeles. (Author/AM)

A group of 250 early retirees and a similar group of 422 nonretired Michigan Civil Service employees were compared. Demographic, health, and income variables accounted for approximately three times as much variance in the retirement status variable as did the motivational and attitudinal variables. (Author)

Compared characteristics of female alcoholics receiving treatment with those of male alcoholics. Found male subjects had more psychosocial problems and had more contact with the child welfare authorities during their childhood than did the females. However, the females' offspring had had more such contact than the males' offspring. Socioeconomic…

Modified an instrument so as to assess the occurrence of psychological abuse in 1,625 college-age males and females. Results showed that males in a relationship reported higher levels of psychological abuse and fewer positive behaviors than did females. Psychologically abusive behaviors lowered relationship ratings for both males and females. (RJM)

Recognizing the widespread use of journal keeping, divergent views of the process, and the dearth of formal attempts to study this process, this study determined the cumulative (post-28 days) and immediate (daily) effects of unstructured (journal) and structured (bipolar checklist) self-evaluative writing upon self-evaluation and…

Research on the locus of control variable in recent years has been quite extensive; however, cross-cultural studies have been rather sparse in this area. Differences among adults from the United States (N=194) and India (N=376) on the locus of control variable as measured by Rotter's Internal-External scale were studied. Each sample included equal…

This experiment determined relationships between Machiavellianism, locus of control, and cognitive style. One hundred fifteen subjects, 56 males and 59 females, ages 18 to 21, were selected from Interim students at Texas Lutheran College, Sequin, Texas. The Mach IV test measured Machiavellian tendencies. The I-E scale measured external attitudes.…

Studied the use of the drug coca paste by high school students in Los Angeles. Of 11th- and 12th-grade males (N=228), four claimed to have recently used coca paste, and of (N=460) females, five reported using the drug. Also studied comparative usage with other substances, and attitudes. (Author/RC)

This article presented at the American Educational Research Association, Washington, D.C., April 1975, is a critical review of studies concerning the relationship of parental warmth and hostility to sex-related differences in children's achievement orientation. Parental warmth seemed to operate differently upon girls' and boys' achievement…

Compares characteristics of students taking programming-oriented versus applications-oriented higher education courses. Topics include computer engagement, programming experience, computing attitudes, a greater gender imbalance in enrollment on the programming-oriented course, the usefulness of psychometric measures, discriminant function…

Examined the subsequent life and development of teenagers under probation who abused alcohol and drugs. Suggests that regardless of the social environment in which they grow up, children, both boys and girls, are in a risk zone if they use alcohol and drugs, and there is an enormous gap in their social adjustment compared with children that do…

In an effort to determine if Indian and white adolescents differed in their choice of defense mechanisms, a random sampling of tenth, eleventh and twelfth grade students from 22 Oklahoma public schools were given the Defense Mechanism Inventory. Scores for 170 Indian students and 197 white students assessed five categories of defenses: turning…