Twelve male and 12 female counselors, half inexperienced and half experienced, each recorded the second counseling session with one male and one female client. Results indicated that same-sex pairings had more discussion of feelings by both counselor and client and that inexperienced males and experienced female counselors were more active and…

This study continues the search for meaningful relationships between counselor trainee characteristics and effectiveness. Self-disclosure, dogmatism, locus of control, Machiavellianism, academic aptitude, and sex of counselor trainees were investigated for relationships to effectiveness during practicum or internship. (Author)

Subjects (N=22) completing a master's degree in counseling with prior counseling experience served as client and counselor under two different conditions. Of six hypotheses, the one confirmed held that when more prepared, the counselor would communicate in "expert" fashion; when less prepared, in equalitarian fashion. (Author)