This paper addresses the effects of developmental changes that occur in the transition from childhood to adolescence on parent-child relationships. The first section considers four theoretical approaches to changes in relationships during the transition to adolescence. Noted especially are perspectives regarding the impetus for changes in…

Data from the National Survey of Children (Waves 1 and 3), a longitudinal survey of 2,000 children who were between the ages of 7 and 11 during the first wave in 1976 and between the ages of 16 and 20 during the third wave in 1987, were analyzed to examine the impact of paternal involvement during childhood as well as the ongoing father-child…

This study investigated six differences in the effects of parents' educational expectations and relationship with parents on 105 young Israeli adolescents. Results showed differences in both aspects of family learning environment, including a negative relation for females and a positive relation for males between realistic expectations and…

Examined extent to which demographics, students' personal resources, and family resources predicted stable or lowered educational expectations from eighth grade to 2 years post-high school. Found that predictors of lost talent or lowered expectations over time included low SES and racial group membership. External locus of control predicted lost…

Examined the role of parents acting as a social influence on 11- to 16-year-olds' self-knowledge about competence at academic activities. Found that parent- adolescent agreement was stronger with mothers than fathers and for aspects of self-knowledge that make direct inferences about abilities rather than indirect inferences. Results were similar…

Examined family and individual processes influencing the future expectancies of adolescents from an economically stressed rural community. Found that adolescents' expectancies about adult role transitions diverged from societal norms, with family background and relationships, adolescents' attitudes and behaviors, and educational aspirations…

Data from the longitudinal study Monitoring the Future indicate that individuals' work values change substantially from late adolescence through young adulthood, with "average trajectories" of work values suggesting growing realism with age. Work value trajectories were systematically tied to social origin and early experience, with…

This study used a national sample of Mexican Americans to develop structural equation models of the effects of 4 eighth- grade latent variables on educational expectations 6 years later. Findings indicated that parents' influences had a strong positive effect on educational expectations at late adolescence. Parents' influence dominated effects of…

This chapter discusses the development of achievement motivation during adolescence from the perspective of expectancy-value theory, and explains how adolescents' expectancies for success and achievement values change during adolescence, particularly during educational transitions such as that from elementary to middle school and from middle to…

Guided by a conceptual model linking discrepancies between parent and adolescent developmental expectations and adolescent adjustment and the quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, this study examined adolescent and parent beliefs about the age at which specific competencies should appear. Developmental timetables were grouped into…

A 120-item questionnaire was administered to 750 Irish adolescents, aged 12-17. It measured sex differences in the following variables: academic achievement; educational and occupational aspiration; self-assessment of achievement; assertiveness; and stereotypes toward adult roles and three achievement-related traits (striving, competence, and…