Reports on a study designed to assess whether attributions or causality of success and failure would vary as a function of sex role attitudes. Indicates that sex-typed notions about competence may still be deeply ingrained despite recent social changes. (Author/MK)

This study directly examined gender differences in the perception of the dimensional properties of causal attributions using a non-academic setting. Participants were 77 employees (31 males, 46 females) of four local financial institutions in Oklahoma. Questionnaires presented a success or failure scenario within either an affiliation (compliment…

Describes a study that assessed (1) differences in causal ascriptions for a given performance outcome between males and females; and (2) sex differences in performance expectations, pretest anxiety, desire to take similar tests in the future, and expectations of performance outcomes on future tests. Contrasts results with previous findings by…

Three- to eight-year-old children were asked to make causal attributions for performance on a motor task, reward allocations for the performance outcome, and state expectations for future success. (Author/DB)

Recent research in achievement has focused on sex differences found in locus of standards, conceptual focus, and expectations for success. To examine the nature of sex differences and their relationship to achievement domains, 439 college students (197 females, 242 males) were asked to write an account of an achievement or failure. They then…

Early research demonstrating an association between success and the male stereotype and between failure and the female stereotype, and the Bayesian analysis of attribution theory provided the bases for predictions about the effects of gender and performance outcomes on probability estimates of future success. The relation between gender…

This study explores the attribution patterns of undergraduate students for females and males who performed parenting tasks traditionally defined as feminine. A total of 136 men and 136 women were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions and were presented with stories of parent-child interactions which varied in terms of the success or failure…

To examine gender differences in attributions for success and failure across subject areas, the Survey of Achievement Responsibility (SOAR) was administered to 165 girls and 160 boys in grades 4 through 12. The SOAR assesses attributions for success and failure in language arts and mathematics/science. Results are presented. (Author/MT)

Results provided some support for a self-serving model of causal attributions for success and failure. It was also found that males and females did exhibit some differences in their patterns of causal attributions for similar outcomes. (RM)

Studied the relationship between attitudes toward women in management and attributions for their success. Employees (N=110) of a human services agency responded to a survey measuring attitudes toward women in management. Males showed attitudes significantly related to attributions for success. Females showed attitudes significantly related to…

In two experiments, third, fifth, and eleventh graders attributed success to effort more frequently on a "sex inappropriate" task than on a "sex appropriate" task. Overriding sex-of-actor biases emerged in explanations for failures, suggesting that failures were treated as anticipated outcomes for females. (Author/MJL)

Examined (1) whether sex differences in achievement patterns are recalled by subjects who were personally involved; (2) whether women and men rely on different causal factors to explain their success or failure; and (3) if the achievement pattern influences causal attributions for success or failure. (Author/GC)

A study was conducted to investigate the relationships among sex, attribution, and selection of communication strategy in an instructional setting. The attributions and communication strategies selected by students following failing performances were examined. In addition, two sex variables were investigated--the sex of the subject and the sex of…

Using an open-ended questionnaire, 236 fifth- and sixth-grade pupils attributed their success or failure on a test given in their classroom to eight different causes. Results indicated that the pupils tended to attribute success mainly to external causes and failure mainly to internal causes. (JMB)

College students were asked to recall experiences of success and of failure from their own lives, and to indicate what they believed to be the reasons for success or failure. Results indicated that (1) women were more likely than men to attribute success to effort; (2) men attributed success to luck more often than women; (3) women had more pride…