This study tries to show that a theory of coalition formation based solely on sex is inadequate. Results indicated that both the frequency and the pattern of coalitions formed were significantly influenced by locus of control; thus the findings lend support to the basic reasoning of the researchers. (Author)

To test the hypothesis that women exhibit an externality bias in their performance attribution, male and female college students made effort, ability, luck, and task difficulty attributions for their performance on a recent course examination. Findings suggested an internality bias among men, rather than an externality bias among women. (Author/GC)

An investigation of the relationship between the locus of control construct and the tribe, sex, and first language of two groups of southwestern American Indian adults (85 Navajo and 50 Pueblo subjects), as measured by the Rotter Internal-External Control Scale, confirmed the prediction that the groups would exhibit similar characteristics for the…

The analysis of in-depth interviews with 40 divorced women provides some insight into these women's experiences of the bargaining and negotiating process, both in the divorce and with child support and alimony payments after the divorce. One study has shown that the average woman's standard of living declines by 72 percent 1 year after divorce,…

The decisions and attitudes of sex-stereotyped and androgynous individuals (as defined by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) were compared in a social conformity paradigm and on two measures of locus of control. The conformity paradigm consisted of 160 trials in which subjects predicted one of two possible stimuli after hearing predictions of two other…

The achievement behavior of internally controlled college females was more affected by sex of partner and type of competition than that of males. Although internally controlled males achieved more than externally controlled males, internally controlled females performed better when competing against males or cooperating with females. (Author/BH)

Reports experimental research testing the following hypotheses: (1) sex differences in self-confidence are a function of a particular ability area; and (2) self-confidence of women is more influenced than men's by the characteristics of the particular individual with whom they compare themselves. (Author/EF)

Studied whether women trained in management are as assertive as men with similar training and identified factors that contribute to assertive behavior. Data included measured characteristics and supervisors' job performance ratings. Results indicated that women are as assertive as men and perform equally well on the job. (Author)

A study tested predictions for I/E (internal external) frame of reference model and extended this model to include locus of control. A sample of upper elementary (n=181) and junior high (n=191) students in the United Arab Emirates participated in the study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses provided support to the external comparison…

Interactions between learning styles, gender, and life cycle stages of graduate students were investigated. Six learning styles were identified through use of the Grasha-Riechmann Student Learning Styles Scales: avoidant, collaborative, dependent, competitive, independent, and participant. Life cycle stages were based on Levinson's theory of the…

The relationship between locus of control and value orientation was studied in adult teacher education majors. The Rotter Internal External Locus of Control Scale and Rokeach Value Survey were administered to 413 undergraduate and graduate students ranging in age from 18 years to over 50. Demographic data were also collected. The results showed…

Compared heavy and light-moderate drinking female college students along personality dimensions. Although no differences were found in social desirabiliy or locus of control, heavy drinkers possessed greater fear of failure and greater sensation seeking than did light-moderate drinkers. Results have implications for causes of problem drinking…

Analyzing school principals' perception of job stress and factors that have been assumed to influence stress, this study found that principals perceive lower stress than popular literature has indicated. Female principals perceive even less stress than male principals. (MD)

Beckman's rating scale for antecedents of alcohol use was administered to 212 high school freshmen and juniors, including equal numbers of American Indians and Euroamericans. Compared to other adolescents, American Indian males felt that heredity and fate played a greater role and their environment played a lesser role in their use of alcohol. (KS)

Examined the effects of social age status and gender on perception of control of work, home, and school situations. Adults perceived the greatest control through the ability to influence powerful others. Adult females perceived greater influence than adolescent or retired females but the same as males of any age. (Author/JA)