Supported by ONR Contract 4679 from the Group Psychology Branch, Office of Naval Research.

In this study, the importance of decision rule (consensus vs majority) and decision consequences (high vs low) are examined in terms of the sex composition of group membership. The results showed male-female differences not accounted for by decision rule, decision consequence, or post-test change. (Author/WI)

The results of this study support the theory that spatial behavior norms are learned early in life. Results show that Black children stand closer than Whites in the primary school years and also stand less directly. White female children are most distant and Black female children are closest in space range. (WI)

Attraction had its strongest impact on dyadic satisfaction, a nonperformance outcome of the experiment. Among the all-female dyads, racial composition of the dyad was significantly related to satisfaction: interracial dyads had higher levels of satisfaction than intraracial dyads. (Author/WI)

Findings from three studies show that effective leaders have greater behavioral complexity and fill multiple roles better than ineffective leaders; listening skills are key to effective leadership; there are no gender differences in emerged leadership; and although task-relevant communication is important to leadership, other research indicates…

The influence of sex and androgyny on the emergence of small group leadership was studied. The subjects, 38 male and 28 female college students, were pretested on several personality measures, including Sargent and Miller's Leadership Questionnaire and Bem's Sex Role Inventory. Leadership in task and social situations was measured after four group…

Examines response to group pressure involving different judgments and social situations. One bipolar dimension included conformity and anticonformity, the other, conformity and independence. Tables, graphs, and bibliography. (RW)

Egocentric children were shown to have inadequate social schema to understand the adult meaning of conformity and independence. (Author)

A study was conducted to determine how males and females were perceived when using identical dominant behaviors. The subjects, 360 college students, viewed one of six stimulus drawings of groups of four seated people and indicated their attributions of dominant behavior on 22 bipolar perceptual scales. Analyses were conducted to create and compare…

Israeli Kibbutz and city children, age 8-11, were compared in three experiments in which cooperative-competitive behavior was assessed. City children from the United States were also included in Experiment 3. In Experiments 1 and 2, groups of four children played a cooperation board game in which children represented only themselves in one…