Strong, Hendel and Bratton (1971) found that counselors, in relation to psychiatrists, were perceived by students as warm, friendly, and polite people to talk with, although not very bright or knowledgeable. The design of the present study is based on the assumption that the title, "counselor," is too generic. The study compares perceptions held…

Successful and unsuccessful outcomes in 24 therapy dyads were analyzed according to client-therapist personality integration (pi). Results indicated that successful outcome was most likely to occur when both client and therapist were high pi. Failure was most frequent among mixed sex dyads with discrepant pi differences. Implications for effective…

Forty male and 40 female college students were rated on self-disclosure in interviews with either male or female interviewers of high or low status. Results were very mixed. The need for use of multiple measures in self-disclosure research and implications for client-therapist matching was noted. (Author)

The effects of guilt and approachability of a female examiner upon the associative sexual responses of 48 men and 48 women were examined. It was found that low-guilt males made more sexual responses when tested by an approachable examiner than unapproachable examiner. Subjects' perceptions of the experimenters were also examined. (Author)

Subjects indicated the extent to which they would use different helping categories in response to tape recordings of male or female stimulus persons expressing problems in angry, sad, or neutral manners. Emotion expressed proved to be a powerful determinant of indicated responses. Target sex had little effect on helping responses. (Author)

Investigates the pattern of clients' precounseling expectancies, whether these differ for male and female clients, and the relationship between clients' expected content emphasis and the actual emphasis during counseling sessions. (Author)

Subjects received falsified psychological test results that were discrepant with their own reports on self-referring attitudes. Both female and male subjects changed their self-reports more when the interpreter was of their own sex. (Author)

Investigated effects of interviewer use of positive or negative self-disclosure and interviewer-subject sex pairing on subjects' perceptions of the interviewer and of their own behavior. Results indicated interviewers disclosing negative information about themselves were perceived as significantly more empathic, warm, and credible than…

Examined type of situation and sex of the counselor in assertive training. Female subjects were given training in making complaints, small talk, and saying no to unreasonable requests. Significant improvement occurred. Subjects seen by a male counselor changed significantly more than subjects seen by a female counselor. (Author)

The study evaluates effects of environmental cues of competence (such as diplomas) and the sex of the counselor on perceived expertness. Undergraduate students (N=64) were interviewed and subsequently completed a semantic-differential questionnaire. Results indicate diplomas and awards significantly influence the subject's initial perception of…

Since this study indicates more positive attitudes toward the use of behavior modification as knowledge about the behavioral approach increase, it would appear to be obvious that some exposure to the approach could provide counselors with an increased range of counseling techniques from which they could select an appropriate approach. (Author)

This study attempts to answer the following question: Do males and females differ in their reporting behavior to interviewers of contrasting status backgrounds, specifically psychiatric physicians and lay interviewers? Subjects were 200 adults. A 263-item instrument was utilized to measure functional psychological disorder. Interviews took place…

Content of interviewer self-disclosure regarding procrastination and study behavior as undergraduates was manipulated with all additional parameters of self-disclosure controlled. Results indicated that subjects in the positive disclosure condition expected to study significantly more hours and did study significantly more hours than subjects in…

Subjects (N=22) completing a master's degree in counseling with prior counseling experience served as client and counselor under two different conditions. Of six hypotheses, the one confirmed held that when more prepared, the counselor would communicate in "expert" fashion; when less prepared, in equalitarian fashion. (Author)

Women's preferences for counselors differing in marital status, sex, and age were investigated in two studies of college (N=32) and noncollege (N=32) women. Both studies indicated college and noncollege women preferred women counselors on a number of hypothetical process measures. Changing trends in women's counselor preferences are discussed.…