Although predictive accuracy (cognitive empathy) and emotional empathy may be aspects of the same general ability, few empirical studies have examined the relationships between these dimensions. The relationship between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy was investigated by correlating the Mehrabian and Epstein Emotional Empathy Scale and its…

Investigates the validity of a semiprojective measure of "engagement" with respect to the differential effects of family size. Engagement style refers to the perception one has of oneself as either doing (agent) or being done to (patient). Subjects were 51 male college students ranging in age from 18 to 26 years. (SS)

Although research suggests that men and women are perceived as differing significantly on a number of traits or characteristics, little research relates these traits to observable behaviors. The trait-characteristic issue, when carried over to employment, serves to justify discrimination against women. Research on attribution theory also supports…

Explores the effects of age spacing of siblings on three general personality dimensions: locus of control, introversion/extroversion and neuroticism. Subjects were 191 college students enrolled in four introductory psychology courses. (MP)

To further validate the locus of control (LOC) construct and to counterbalance the present tendency in LOC literature to downgrade the external LOC personality, the relationship between LOC and social acceptance or popularity was examined. It was hypothesized that a relationship exists between LOC and social acceptance; and secondly, that a high…

Three locus of control scales were examined with regard to their reported psychometric properties. Results indicate a multifactor makeup for the three scales. (Author/DEP)

Subjects who reported that their parents used more punishing- and controlling-type behaviors were found to have greater expectations of control by powerful others, while subjects who viewed their parents as using unpredictable standards had stronger chance orientations. (ST)

Examined personality traits of kibbutz children (n=130) and compared them to those of city children (n=142). Children completed Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Locus of Control for Children, and Persistence Scale for Children. Found differences between kibbutz and city children in locus of control, anxiety, and persistence, and also…

It was predicted and found that social desirability was a significant mediator of locus of control-achievement relation for females. Results were interpreted within a cultural role model theory. (ST)

Since the introduction of the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), many studies have attempted to relate masculine and feminine characteristics to various personality dimensions. To determine the relationship between sex-role orientation and locus of control, undergraduate students (101 females and 83 males) completed the BSRI and the Adult…

Tested and extended Deaux's expectancy model of sex-linked differences in attribution for success. Finding's indicated that female occupational subjects, relative to males, tended to attribute success more to unstable causes of effort and luck. Male subjects attributed success more to the stable causes of ability and task ease. (Author/RC)

Compared the decisions and attitudes of sex-stereotyped and androgynous individuals in a social conformity paradigm and on two measures of locus of control. Stereotypic females conformed significantly more often than androgynous females and stereotypic males. Androgynous females were more internal in locus of control than stereotypic females.…

Two groups of Israeli boys and girls in Grades 4-8, one group of 182 intellectually gifted with a mean WISC IQ of 140, and one group of 310 nongifted, were compared on several indices of personal-social adjustment. (MS)

Studies using unipolar models of sex role identity in conjunction with an attributional approach to female achievement prediction have found that androgynous women tend to consider ability to be a more feasible explanation for success than do either feminine or undifferentiated women. Androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated males and…

Compared heavy and light-moderate drinking female college students along personality dimensions. Although no differences were found in social desirabiliy or locus of control, heavy drinkers possessed greater fear of failure and greater sensation seeking than did light-moderate drinkers. Results have implications for causes of problem drinking…