Observed play behaviors in 21 African American preschool children from impoverished families in Head Start classrooms. Play behaviors were categorized as functional, constructive, or pretend. Found that children engaged most frequently in functional play, although many also engaged in pretend play, suggesting that impoverished black children have…

When 197 disadvantaged older medical patients completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the instrument demonstrated high internal consistency and no significant differences by sex or race, suggesting that it is appropriate for use with diverse populations. Total instrument scores correlated negatively with age. (SLD)

Uses 1996 Saskatchewan Youth Attitude Survey data to explore the nature of youth gambling and its relation to social disadvantage, comparing minority and white youth and males and females. Results indicate that youth gamble significantly, and youth gambling is a form of regressive taxation that exploits those most vulnerable because of their…

Analysis of information gained from the March 1986 Current Population Survey (CPS) conducted by the Bureau of the Census shows the following results for the year 1985: (1) median family money income continued to move ahead of inflation; (2) the median earnings of men showed no statistically significant change from 1984, but the earnings of women…

The magnitude of the low-income population in Texas as compared with the rest of the nation was analyzed. Data were acquired from the 1960 U. S. Census of Population. Among the characteristics examined were rural and urban residence, occupation, age, sex, education of the family head, and ethnic background. The criterion used for designating…

Investigated how at-risk youth in Hawaii experienced their own ethnicity and gender. Data from focus groups with diverse adolescents at youth centers indicated that theoretical frameworks must incorporate unique circumstances within differing communities, such as interethnic violence, sexual exploitation, and immigration patterns. (SM)

The purpose of this document is to present statistics which show clearly that poverty is a women's issue. The position of poor women relative to the total population living below the Federal poverty line is demonstrated. Income levels are analyzed to reveal the percentages of women whose annual income is below $5,000. The relationship of income…

Examined relation between friendship and social competence in Head Start preschoolers. Suggested that number of reciprocated friendships was associated with social competence. Found having nonreciprocated friendships was not a liability; there was a trend toward participating in reciprocated friendships from age 3 to 4; and number of reciprocated…

Comparing the experiences of 1980 high school graduates with those from 1972 reveals that, among youth of low socioeconomic status, Blacks were somewhat more likely than Whites to enroll in four-year colleges; Hispanics evidence the lowest four-year attendance probability. Social background differences, gender differences, and cohort differences…

A total of 53 rural, impoverished children (37 aged 3-5, from a day care center and 16 5-year-olds from a Head Start Center) were investigated for influences of age and sex on early social behavior. Individuals were observed in 15-minute play sessions and assessed with a standard observational category system. (CS)

Describes the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, which has followed the economic fortunes of a nationally representative sample of American families since 1968. Presents data on and analysis of sex-based differences in wages, the relationship between family composition and economic well-being, poverty, and welfare dependency. Discusses implications…

This brief examines the work patterns of 16- to 17-year-old high school students, focusing on: whether teens in low-income families work as much as or more than other teens; how high school students' work patterns vary by race and gender; and whether work by teenagers is associated with negative school-related outcomes. Research indicates that…

Studied the relationship between racial socialization and racial identity attitudes in 287 low-income inner-city African American adolescents. Results suggest that beliefs in various types of racial socialization differentially contribute to positive psychological outcomes for adolescents. Gender differences are discussed, and a cultural…

Information concerning social relations after widowhood has frequently been analyzed without explicit knowledge of such conditions before widowhood. Longitudinal data from a national survey of low-income aged (N=4494) was analyzed to assess the social impact of widowhood on older persons. Widows interviewed in 1973 and again in 1974 were…

This report presents data on dietary intake obtained to assess the nutritional status of the United States population, aged 1-74 years. Age, sex, race, and income level differences in dietary intake are among the variables considered. Data are analyzed for certain groups at high risk of malnutrition (e.g., the poor, preschool children, women of…