The Situational Attitude Scale-Age (SASA) was developed to measure attitudes toward older individuals, using a specific set of situations to which respondents react either as actors or spectators. Each of the ten situational statements are followed by bi-polar semantic differential scales. Three forms of the SASA were developed containing the same…

Investigated effects of program auspice (nonprofit versus profit child care), adult-to-child ratios, and class age span on teaching and on preschoolers' social and cognitive development. Found that age, gender, social background, and age span were significant predictors of children's social and cognitive development; adult-to-child ratio and…

Psychiatrists have been reported to demonstrate a variety of negative attitudes toward older patients. This study suggests that certain personal characteristics of psychiatrists are associated with more pronounced negative attitudes. These characteristics include female gender, psychoanalytic theoretical orientation, and certification by the…

Examined the influence of sex and age on death anxiety in 165 male and 95 female homosexuals who completed the Death Anxiety Scale. Results showed gay males and females had almost identical DAS scores. No relationship was found between age and death anxiety. (JAC)

Concludes that more males than females read Canadian newspapers, and that persons between the ages of 30 and 49 are most likely to be nonreaders. (FL)

Explored age differences in occupational sex typing among children. Preschoolers generally did not sex-type their job attributions, while elementary school children did. Thus, preschoolers' job attributions and service preferences did not conform to the sociocultural reality of who does certain jobs in our society. (Author/GC)

Alcohol studies, like most psychological studies, have traditionally focused on males. Several psychosocial theories have been used to explain male alcoholism, including dependency, the power drive, and sex role theory. This latter stance may provide a theoretical framework for the etiology of drinking which will apply to both sexes; however,…

Defines institutional care and estimates institutional care by the elderly. Reviewed are prospective and cross-sectional studies in which utilization was estimated, along with studies in which factors are identified that influence long-term care utilization such as age, sex, availability of caregivers, and functional status. (Author/ABB)

A sample of 796 New York sexual abuse reports was studied to explore factors associated with substantiation of the reports following an investigation. Substantiation rates increased with the child's age, and reports were more likely to be substantiated when they involved female children or came from a mandated source. (Author/JDD)

This research is based on intake forms from Hawaii's only statewide provider of services to the victims of sexual assault. The analyses reveal that significant differences exist between male and female victims, by age and by assault characteristics, including the type of sexual assault, use of force and injury, length of assault, and the…

Child gender, age, and temperament; parents' personality and education; and coparenting quality in the parents' families of origin were used to predict the quality of coparenting during family interactions. Families with college-educated mothers had high levels of supportive coparenting during family interactions regardless of the quality of…

The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of self-efficacy in older adults, with physical activity, age, and sex as the predictor variables. Regression analyses revealed physical activity to be the only statistically significant predictor of self-efficacy. These findings may be of interest to counselors who work with older people.…

Criminologists and gerontologists have reported increases in crimes perpetrated by elderly persons, but arrest data do not necessarily reflect this trend, due to failure to prosecute. To explore the influence of age, sex, race, and offense type on arrest and prosecution outcomes, Detroit Police Department arrest and case disposition data (1981),…

Two experiments found support for the proposition that, when cognitive cues (knowledge of children's chronological age) conflict with perceptual cues (perceived height), the latter cues, although inappropriate, are more salient in determining adult expectations for achievement. (MP)

Investigates the links between adolescent risk-taking and personality, as conceptualized using the Five-factor Model of personality (N=459). Results reveal that risk judgments, personality factors, age and sex were significant predictors of risk behaviors; however, the personality factor of significance was found to differ depending upon the risk…