Research has shown that females gaze more than males while speaking and listening regardless of the sex of their partner. To determine if these differences are due to biological sex or sex role, 24 dyads, in which subjects were matched on sex and sex role, conversed for 10 minutes while patterns of speech and gaze were recorded by two judges.…

Interviewed 143 newly separated persons to examine the relationship between sex-role orientation and adjustment. In women, high family orientation, and to a lesser extent, low self orientation were associated with poor postseparation adjustment. In men, however, the concept is poorly elaborated and not yet adequately assessed. (JAC)

Results indicated that masculine and androgynous individuals had higher levels of self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals. Analysis also revealed that the effect of sex-role orientation on self-esteem was greater for females than for males. Implications for theories of androgyny and sex-role development are discussed. (Author/MP)

Undergraduate students responded to the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) questionnaire and the Hypergender Ideology Scale, which measures the degree to which they adhered to traditional gender roles. It was determined that strict gender-role adherence, rather than biological sex accounted for the variance in CAMI scores.…

Examines female and male sex-role orientation with emphasis on the structural and attitudinal predictors of sex-role ideology. Findings show sex-role orientation based on nontraditional wife-mother, husband-father and problematic husband-wife alterations roles elicted a significantly more modern response from females as compared to males. (Author)

Administered Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Bem Sex Role Inventory to 194 adults. Found androgyny scale emphasizing masculinity was most predictive of self-esteem, due to strong correlation found between masculinity and self-esteem. Found no effects due to femininity, interaction of femininity and masculinity, or sex. (Author/NB)

Investigated the relationship between sex-role orientation and cognitive preferential response style. Although masculine and androgynous individuals were expected to demonstrate extratensive and intraversive cognitive styles, respectively, no such distinction was apparent. However, feminine individuals did demonstrate an ambitent response style.…

One overlooked aspect of heterosocial skills is the selection of appropriate goal objects or partners. The tenet of interpersonal attraction that "like attracts like" suggests that individuals could maximize gains by avoiding dissimilar others. Recent findings suggest that variables relating to lifestyle and sensation seeking are more influential…

In an investigation of the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of sex role attitudes among black Americans, four sex role attitude items were analyzed. Two tapped attitudes toward familial division of labor, one addressed perceptions of the consequences of women working, and one addressed attitudes toward motherhood. Eight background…

Alcohol studies, like most psychological studies, have traditionally focused on males. Several psychosocial theories have been used to explain male alcoholism, including dependency, the power drive, and sex role theory. This latter stance may provide a theoretical framework for the etiology of drinking which will apply to both sexes; however,…

Develops a model to predict the contribution adolescent males and females make to household work, based upon family characteristics, human capital of the adolescent, geographic location, and societal expectations. Adolescent females worked longer than males, regardless of birth order. Time use for household work was largely unaffected by family…

Tested the influence of sex role as a predictor of self-disclosure. Students' scores on masculine dimensions of the Bem Sex Role Inventory predicted disclosure to strangers and acquaintances, but scores on both masculine and feminine dimensions were needed to predict disclosure to intimate targets. Androgynous subjects reported more…

Research using a model for studying same-sex friendships has indicated differences between men's and women's friendships consistent with traditional sex roles and socialization patterns. However, the differences are small and diminish as strength/duration of friendship increases. There is no evidence that women's friendships are inferior to those…

Sex role identity and self-esteem were examined in a cross sectional sample. Both men and women displayed peak masculinity scores in the middle years of adulthood. Psychologically "androgynous" individuals displayed the highest levels of self-esteem. Masculinity was a better predictor of self-esteem than was femininity. (Author)

The former HEW National Strategy for Youth Development model was a community-based planning and procedural tool to enhance and to prevent delinquency through a process of youth needs assessments, needs targeted programs, and program impact evaluation. The program's 12 Impact Scales have been found to have acceptable reliabilities, substantial…