Internal-external control (IE) expectancies of disadvantaged Head Start children were compared with those of middle class children in one Montessori and two parent cooperative nursery schools using the Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview IE measure. Middle class groups had significantly higher internal control scores than Head Start…

Men high and low in resultant achievement motivation related luck to outcome. High-achievement women related luck, ability, and effort to outcome, whereas low-achievement-motivated women attributed outcome to task difficulty. Implications of these findings for the understanding of sex and race differences in achievement are discussed. (Author)

This investigation examines the relationship between fifth graders' scores on Coopersmith's Self Esteem Inventory and the Intellectual Achievement Responsibility Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by race and sex. (GO)

Examined hypothesis that sociodemographic characteristics such as age, education, race, and gender would be predictive of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control subscale scores in 342 community-dwelling elderly individuals. Bivariate analysis revealed associations between black race, lower socioeconomic status, and lower education on Chance and…

Little is known about the power strategies adolescents view as effective in influencing an intimate partner to have or avoid having sexual intercourse. These strategies were examined in a pretest survey of 203 adolescents who reported their agreement or disagreement with strategies used to have protected sex or to avoid having sex with a…

The present study provides information regarding the utility of a multidimensional LOC construct with children. The results suggest caution in assuming white to be more internally oriented than Indian children. Rather, when socioeconomic status factors and urban/rural differences are controlled, any assumptions about such differences become…

A factor analysis of the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale was conducted with a biracial sample of children over a wide age range. Three factors (personal control and helplessness, achievement and friendship, and luck) had sufficient item loadings to be interpretable. (Author/GK)

Over 1,000 black, white, and Spanish, moderately disadvantaged and affluent children from Grades 2, 4, and 6 were given the Gruen, Korte, Stephens Internal-External Scale. Results are discussed in terms of ethnic, socioeconomic and sex differences, and score relation to grade point average.

Research has suggested that race and sex are strongly associated with the "imposter phenomenon" (I-P), a secret, intense, subjective self-perception of phoniness experienced by many high achievers. Sex, race, and perceived atypicality were examined in relation to the imposter phenomenon for 30 persons with adequate achievement in career…

Studied student, school, and staff characteristics to determine factors related to the disproportionate numbers of male and Black students suspended or expelled from school. School practices and conditions said to mediate the problem are identified. (Author/MW)

Previous research has suggested that Rotter's concept of locus of control is significantly related to a variety of attitudes and behaviors. To study the effects of sex, race, and social class differences, a projective measure of locus of control was developed to explore the relationship between control orientation and career aspirations for 432…

The Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview was administered to 78 subjects, 6.5 years to 7.5 years, who were enrolled in "traditional" or "open" educational programs. Scores are categorized by sex, race, economic level, and educational program, and treated by analysis of variance. (Author/PN)

Investigated relationship between academic achievement and locus of control among 643 elementary school students. Found no main effects for gender or race. Observed significant main effect for condition (at-risk versus not-at-risk), with at-risk students being more externally oriented. Found significant effect for grade, trend being for grade…

Beckman's rating scale for antecedents of alcohol use was administered to 212 high school freshmen and juniors, including equal numbers of American Indians and Euroamericans. Compared to other adolescents, American Indian males felt that heredity and fate played a greater role and their environment played a lesser role in their use of alcohol. (KS)

Describes the variation in students' intentions for a college education by race, gender, and class. Examines background variables that describe students' race, gender, and socioeconomic status as well as attitudinal values that provide a measure of the student's outlook on life. Participants were selected from the tenth- to twelfth-grade students…