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Kanfer, Frederick H.; Zich, Jane – Developmental Psychology, 1974
The effects of extent and kind of external control during training on later resistance to temptation were examined in preschool children. Boys transgressed significantly more quickly than girls. (ST)
Descriptors: Locus of Control, Reinforcement, Self Control, Sex Differences
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Nyce, Peggy A.; And Others – Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1977
Forty-four third graders were given a two-choice conceptual discrimination learning task. The two major factors were (1) four treatment groups varying at the extremes on two personality measures, approval motivation and locus of control and (2) sex. (MS)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Elementary School Students, Locus of Control, Motivation
Keller, John M.; Pugh, Richard C. – 1974
Sex differences in the correlations between Rotter's Internal-External (I-E) Control of Reinforcement Scale and the Omnibus Personality Inventory (OPI) are predicted, based on a theoretical expectation of a relationship between I-E and adjustment, and previous research. Both tests were administered to 140 male and 130 female college freshmen.…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, College Freshmen, Comparative Analysis, Locus of Control
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Crandall, Virginia C.; Lacey, Beth W. – Child Development, 1972
Study designed to reveal some of the intermediate skills which might account for the superior academic performance of children who perceive their reinforcements in those situations as caused by their own behavior (internal control). (Authors)
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Locus of Control, Measurement Instruments, Performance Factors
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Felker, Donald W.; Thomas, Susan Bahlke – Child Development, 1971
Four hypotheses were derived from the proposition that positive self-concept is due partly to an ability to utilize self-initiated verbal reinforcement. (Authors)
Descriptors: Behavioral Science Research, Correlation, Hypothesis Testing, Locus of Control
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Newhouse, Robert C. – Psychological Reports, 1974
Children in various ordinal birth positions, grade levels, and sex roles perceive differently the degree or responsibility they assume for their successess and/or failures. (Author/KM)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Birth Order, Elementary School Students, Locus of Control
Frey, Steven J. – 1975
This study investigated the moderating effects of previously conditioned, stable behavior characteristics on subsequent behavior resulting from a different set of reinforcement contingencies. The college students, who were the study subjects, were required to perform the task of solving anagrams under various modes of conditioning moderated by…
Descriptors: Behavior Development, Behavior Theories, College Students, Conditioning
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Henry, Susan E.; And Others – Journal of Educational Psychology, 1979
Black first graders varying in internal-external control completed digit substitution problems during which performance was praised by a Black boy and girl or a Black man and woman. Boys were most responsive to peer feedback and girls to adult feedback. Predictions involving locus of control were modestly supported. (Author/RD)
Descriptors: Adults, Black Students, Feedback, Grade 1
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Kagan, Spencer; Ender, Philip B. – Child Development, 1975
This experiment was primarily designed to investigate the preferred reinforcement patterns of urban Anglo-Americans, urban Mexican-Americans, and rural Mexicans. Subjects were 48 mother-child pairs, equally divided by culture and child's sex. (Author/CS)
Descriptors: Anglo Americans, Cultural Differences, Locus of Control, Mexican Americans
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Ruble, Diane N.; Nakamura, Charles Y. – Child Development, 1973
This study examined variables related to problem-solving approaches of young children, using the theoretical framework provided by Zigler and collaborators in their work on outerdirectedness. Four aspects of outerdirectedness were examined: developmental trends, different types of reinforcement, task difficulty, and pride in accomplishment. (ST)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Child Development, Elementary School Students, Expectation
Stephens, Mark W. – 1971
Results of several studies of cognitive and cultural correlates and determinants of early IE development are discussed, and some implications of the findings are pointed out. In studies of correlations between IE and intelligence test scores, results show that the scores increase regularly with age, from age 4 through 8, and there are fairly…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Compensatory Education, Cultural Differences, Disadvantaged
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Louie, Steven; And Others – Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 1986
Describes a study in which 46 high socioeconomic status elementary and secondary children were exposed to Logo and Bank Street Writer at a computer camp. After exposure, children 12 and under minimally shifted toward an internal locus of control as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children. (Author/MBR)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Change, Elementary Secondary Education, Item Analysis
Harrison, Algea Othello – 1975
Aspects of problem-solving measured here are delay of gratification, field-dependence independence, and the relection-impulsivity dimension. The following hypotheses are proposed (1) Those subjects who score high on externality will not delay gratification as those who score low, but they will score lower on measures on field-independence than…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Black Youth, Decision Making, Decision Making Skills