Despite the Civil Rights Act and the social revolutions of the era, the term "sex discrimination" was unknown in the 1960s. Discrimination on the basis of sex was rampant in America, especially when it came to women's employment in higher education. After being turned down repeatedly for full-time teaching positions at the University of…

As the focus on bullying has grown, attention to incidents of and concern about sexual harassment has diminished. It is easy to understand that sexual harassment can be a form of bullying, especially when it is used to intimidate, but it is also a form of discrimination prohibited by federal and state laws. Effective implementation and enforcement…

Some private, religious schools that accept vouchers have been accused of discriminating against certain populations of students through their admissions processes. Discriminating against disfavored groups (e.g., racial minorities, LGBT students, students with disabilities, religious minorities) in voucher programs raises both legal and policy…

Recent reports on discrimination in private schools have led some observers to decry the fact that private and charter schools receiving public tax dollars selectively exclude some populations from both employment and enrollment; others, however, note that in these and similar instances the schools have broken no laws. Both may be right. How can…

The improper use of reported restraints has been associated with serious injury and death in both mental health and school settings. However, there is currently no federal legislation that regulates the use of reported restraints in the schools in contrast to health care facilities (e.g., Children's Health Act of 2000). As children with…

In 2017, the National Technical Assistance Center for the Education of Neglected or Delinquent Children and Youth (NDTAC) released its first in a series of professional development briefs that focus on the professional development needs and interests of Neglected or Delinquent (N or D) State coordinators, correctional educators, and providers of…

Online education has become an accepted part of the educational landscape over the past two decades. Digital resources are the norm in classrooms. The expectation is that all students will benefit from technology some way. In order for that to be the case, however, sometimes more overt action is needed to ensure that all students do in fact get…

School-Parent Compacts are a component of school-level parental involvement policies, and must be developed by the school, teacher, and parents as a description of how parents, the entire school staff, and students themselves will work together for improved student academic achievement. This District of Columbia Public Schools School Year…

Two fundamental questions concerning sex discrimination under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 are addressed in this thirteenth chapter of a book on school law: Does the law apply to employment and did the Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) exceed its authority by covering athletics, which receives no federal funding?…

The Office for Civil Rights (OCR), Department of Education, prepared this brochure for the general public and for education agencies and institutions that have programs or activities that receive Federal financial assistance. The brochure summarizes the requirements pertaining to employment practices contained in Title VI of the Civil Rights Act…

This guide and coordinator's manual are designed to assist administrators of local agencies, area vocational centers, and postsecondary institutions in Michigan in assessing and improving their compliance with civil rights regulations relating to vocational education. The guide is based on an interpretation of the following laws: Title VI of the…