Compares attitudes toward sex-appropriate roles of military and civilian youth in the United States. Results indicated that military status itself did not directly affect perceptions of sex-appropriate roles, although women in the military held less traditional sex role attitudes than civilian women. (TW)

Research on gender stereotypes has contrasted males with females, describing males by competency traits and females by traits which denote warmth or emotionality. However, it has become clear that these traits do not satisfactorily describe all members of either sex, since not all men possess only masculine characteristics and not all women…

Differences between father-absent and father-present samples were not large. Although study quality was not the best predictor of outcome, the best-quality studies produced nonsignificant estimates of effect size. Most effect-size estimates were less than .5; many were much smaller. (RH)

Male and female Arab and Jewish private high school students in Israel were questioned on their attitudes toward women's roles. Finds that ambitious Arab females may experience less support from their male peers than may Jewish females. (DM)

One unified aspect of men's gender role conflict is the fear of femininity, which can produce six conflicts: restrictive emotionality; homophobia; socialized control, power, and competition; restrictive affectionate behavior; obsession with achievement and success; and health care problems. To measure these constructs 85 items were generated from…

Relationships are examined between support types (emotional, instrumental, and nonintimate social participation), gender, sex role orientation, and stress level. Dependent variables include need, perceived availability, and satisfaction. Effects of sex role orientation on perceptions of social support appear circumscribed. (MCK)

Examines the relationships among sex, sex role orientation, and friendship. Female and male study participants were characterized as androgynous, traditional, or undifferentiated. Results indicate that close friends tend to be of the same sex. Confirms that sex and sex role orientation are important factors in friendship during young adulthood.…

Examines the female principles of love, care, patience, and healing that are embodied in the symbolism of Ayi Kwei Armah's novel, "The Healers." Compares and contrasts the roles of male and female characters emphasizing the role of women in molding the course of human history. (FMW)

Investigates the effect of sex, age, intelligence, and sex role flexibility on prosocial behavior among preschool children. Finds a significant and positive correlation between sex role flexibility and prosocial behavior among boys but not among girls. (FMW)

Discusses the writings of Amino Kiku, a modern Japanese female author. Questions why Amino is ignored in most compilations of Japanese writers. Concludes that she is ignored because Japanese women's literature is defined by men, all Japanese literary critics are male, and Amino's female characters are not defined by their relationships with men.…

Examines through analysis of school attendance figures the differential postsecondary education attainment of men and women. Suggests that as women's economic, cultural, and educational assets convert to lower college attendance rates, they need such assets and more to equal men's educational attainments. Concludes that private boarding school…

Discusses a study of sex typing or adherence to defined sex roles in three different cultures: India, Germany, and the United States. Reports less sex typing in India than either Western "modern" society. Concludes that cultural traditionalism and rigidity in sex typing may not necessarily vary together. (DK)

Despite recent research showing men capable of nurturing behavior, most men remain reluctant to care for children. Some researchers have suggested that men are fearful of nurturing as a result of traditional sex role socialization while others have suggested an increased role of external factors in explaining the lack of men in child care (pay,…

Examines the effect of gender, sex role orientation, and political orientation on attitudes among 46 male and 62 female first-year university students in Perth, Australia, concerning nuclear weapons. Females were found to be more opposed to their development and use. Discusses practical implications for political behavior. (DM)

Students who enrolled in women's studies courses at a college serving mainly students from working and lower middle class backgrounds were assessed for attitudes toward women and degree of sex-typing at the beginning and end of three women's studies courses. The study was conducted over three consecutive semesters in which 41 women and 6 men…