This paper traces challenges faced by six Arab women from three different Arab localities -- Palestinian Arab society in Israel, Palestinian Authority territories, and Jordan -- on their path to appointment as school principals, investigating how they cope with the challenges involved in women's leadership in a patriarchal society. Qualitative…

This article explores the deployment of triangulation in the service of uncovering subjugated knowledge and promoting social change for women and other oppressed groups. Feminist approaches to mixed methods praxis create a tight link between the research problem and the research design. An analysis of selected case studies of feminist praxis…

A long-standing debate questions whether homemakers or working wives are happier. Drawing on cross-national data for 28 countries, this research uses multi-level models to provide fresh evidence on this controversy. All things considered, homemakers are slightly happier than wives who work fulltime, but they have no advantage over part-time…

Research clearly shows that, in spite of large-scale social and political changes, women still bear the primary responsibility for housework. Research explaining the unequal division of domestic labor produces mixed results. The authors argue that the "new city" structure of the modern suburbs may be partially responsible for the tenacity of the…

In 19th century America, some women decried the opportunity for scholarly education as rebellion against religion and predicted a grim decline in the quality of life, home, and hearth for American families and for American culture and politics. In particular, women who opposed scholarly education argued that God had not created men and women…

Three groups of women--wives with no outside employment, wives employed in non-professional occupations, and wives employed in professional occupations--were administered the Derived Identity Questionnaire and the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The two working groups revealed less "derived identity" than did the non-employed group. (Author)

Studied married couples' allocation of tasks within the household and found that role specialization existed in accordance with traditional sex role norms. Found that wives' self-esteem was not significant, but that the number of hours they were employed, their sex role orientation, and the attitudes of their significant others were significantly…

Factors identified from normative interaction, resource theory, and family development theory were related to female, shared, and male household task responsibilities of wives and husbands. Employed wives tended to reduce their responsibility for female household tasks with little or no change in the responsibility of the husband. (Author/CT)

Women's lower achievement level in professions is explained by the Multiple Role Negotiation perspective as resulting from difficulty in balancing the "active," demanding roles of wife/mother and a high-level professional role. The findings reveal that neither males nor females perceive the female familial role as the "more active." (Author)

Utilizing questionnaires, this study investigated the possible relationships among sex role ideology, sex role socialization experiences and motivation for parenthood. Subjects included 174 adopting (the traditional homemaker-mother role) and 126 dual-career parents. Adoptive subjects tended to express traditional sex role ideologies, while…

Examined how both division of household labor and perceptions of its equity relate to spouses' reports of marital conflict and satisfaction in 656 working-class and middle-class dual-earner families. For middle-class wives, perceptions of equity had strongest effect on marital conflict. For working-class wives, higher proportion of traditionally…

Some research has found that masculinity is associated with equally good, if not better, adjustment than androgyny. The relationship between gender-role orientation and psychological adjustment was examined using female college students and upper-middle-class housewives to test the hypothesis that masculine and androgynous women from both samples…

Tried to determine whether the self-esteem of black women who worked outside the home was higher than that of black women who were homemakers exclusively. Investigated the population of black college-educated wives of professional men and found that those who worked outside the home had higher self-esteem than those who remained at home.…

Explored the relationships among childhood activities, masculine and feminine characteristics, and career choices among career women and homemakers. Results indicated that childhood participation in sex-typed activities is associated with the adult personality characteristics of masculinity and femininity and adult role choices. (Author/BL)

In applying a social structural analysis of stereotyping to people's beliefs about gender, two issues must be confronted: (1) What is the content of stereotypes about men and women? and (2) What are the major differences in the ways that men and women are distributed into social roles? In part, the distribution of females and males into social…