This 1989 American Association of Suicidology presidential address focuses on statistics of 3.6 male suicide completions for each female completion, exploring hypothesis that different socialization and the concomitant differential expectations of males and females are responsible for the increased likelihood of suicide among males. (NB)

Challenges Benbow and Stanley's claim that boys are naturally better than girls at mathematics. Presents data counter to this conclusion and assesses the impact of the media's coverage of the Benbow and Stanley report on parents' attitudes. Concludes that math aptitude is strongly determined by parents' stereotypic beliefs. (KH)

In separate studies, examined (1) ways that college students allocated rewards to children performing in team and competitive situations, and (2) the relationship between sex role orientation and reward allocations. Found that sex and situational differences in reward allocations are affected by sex role orientation and differential socialization…

Examined the prevalence of depressive mood in 12,000 Norwegian adolescents, ages 12-20. Found that from age 14 on, girls scored above boys in depressed mood, though no gender difference was found at age 12. The difference was partially explained by increased developmental challenges for girls, including puberty, weight and body dissatisfaction,…

Indicates that couple type was significantly related to communication about marital conflict, but that there were neither any clear overall sex differences in communication nor sex differences within couple types. Also indicates that conflict styles are so strongly reciprocal that mutual influence within conversations tends to remove individual…

Reviews experiences of the author which illustrate a journey toward interdependence. Suggests that sex differences in children's socialization have influenced males and females to react differently to competition and criticism, but women are realizing they can empower each other for survival and growth. (JAC)

Differences were found between father/son and father/daughter dyads in such behaviors as father prohibitions, child mischievousness, mutual proximity, toy exchange, and child toy play. A total of 107 father/child dyads involving year-old children were observed. (Author/RH)

Analysis of responses to Shure and Meeker Personality/Attitude Schedule showed sexes differed in elevation on six factors. Subsamples participated in coalition game. Four of six factors were related to prenegotiation stage indices of coalition formation. Sex differences in coalition behavior may be mediated by sex role socialization differences.…

Because men hold most of the high status, decision-making positions in American society, they have greater access to and control of property, power, and prestige. Women, conversely, are accorded low status because they fulfill the lower prestige roles of childbearing and childrearing. Although some city and county government positions are filled…

Concepts of inner direction and of other direction are related to sex differences in correlates and antecedents of achievement motivation and behavior. (Author/ED)

A study of preschoolers confirmed findings that toy choices reflect the sex typing of social behavior. Although toy choice was not related to all behaviors idenitifed in earlier studies as sex-typed, those for which there were clear gender differences in this study (socializing with peers and spontaneous prosocial behavior) were related to…

Discusses sex-role research and important factors to be considered in relation to a child's sex-role development. (ST)

Using data from a random sample of currently married adults (N=316), log-linear techniques were used to examine five aspects of household division of labor between husbands and wives as these relate to sex of respondent, labor-force status of the wife, and other independent variables. (Author)

This longitudinal study (1) replicated research findings that there is a sex difference in the relationship between early mother responsiveness to children's requests for attention and later assessments of children's agentic behavior, and (2) reassessed differences in maternal responsiveness to boys versus girls. (Author/DB)

Explores the idea that gender differences in participation in the early childhood profession originate in the culture of early childhood education. Differences in gender role learning facilitate female socialization into early education but inhibit socialization for males. (DE)