Purpose: Textbooks can directly or indirectly affect gender stereotypes. In this study, text characters and pictures of textbooks were examined to find out how the messages were given about gender. This study examined text characters and the pictures in the primary school Turkish textbooks respectively in terms of Bem's Sex-Role Inventory and…

The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI), conducted by Hart et al. (2008) and adapted to Turkish by Dogan as Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS) (Dogan, 2010) was used in our study. In the analysis of the data, t-test and ANOVA test were used. As a result; There was a significant difference between female athletes' hormone use variable and appearance…

Young women do not choose to be engineers nearly as often as young men, and they tend to cluster in particular specialties when they do. We examine these patterns and the role of gender schemas as applied to perceptions of typical engineers in understanding the choices that women make in terms of engineering specialties. We use Part 1 of two waves…

In this observational study, male and female professional caregivers' (n = 42) levels of sensitivity and stimulation toward three-year-old children (n = 42) were observed in a semi-structured play situation. Further, sex roles of male and female caregivers were examined with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI). Male and female caregivers showed the…

Drawing on and reexamining theories on gender and literacy, derived from research performed between 1974 and 2002, this qualitative study explored the gender assumptions and expectations of Language Arts teachers in a graduate level adolescent literature course at a university in the Midwestern United States. The theoretical framework was…

Characters 1975 "family time" television programs and 1976 programs shown after the "family time" concept had been legally challenged were rated on sex role portrayal. A significant relationship among viewing time, program type, and sex of character suggested that content considered acceptable for children emphasized…

The relationships among self-reported social desirability, biological sex, and sex-role orientation are examined. The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) consists of 60 personality characteristics divided equally into three subscales labeled Femininity (F), Masculinity (M), and Social Desirability (SD). One hundred and twenty-six undergraduates were…

Presents a reanalysis of earlier data from a study of self-perceptions of stereotypic masculine and feminine attributes, Rogerian-type conflict, and personal adjustment. Reanalyses demonstrated the advantage of distinguishing between androgynous and undifferentiated individuals rather than grouping them together into a single "balanced"…

Discusses the gender schema theory of sex typing, which proposes that sex typing derives largely from the child's readiness to encode and organize information according to the culture's definition of maleness and femaleness. Explores conditions that produce gender schematic processing and discusses strategies for raising gender aschematic…

This study examines the relationship between leader behavior and sex role identification. Results of two measurement instruments support a connection between masculine characteristics and structuring behavior as a leader, but do not uphold hypotheses for the relationship between sex role identity and leadership style. (Author/EB)

College students grouped by scores on the Bem Sex Role Inventory rated 74 toys on their appropriateness for girls or boys, their educational value, and whether they required activity or cooperation. Male subjects sex-typed toys more than females, though responses overall were traditional. Gender role (BSRI) proved unrelated to sex-typed ratings.…

New measures of sex role orientation that do not assume a undi-mensional continuum model of masculinity and femininity are reviewed, particularly with respect to androgyny. Studies intended to validate constructs are also reviewed. Although based on similar conceptualizations of sex role characteristics, scales differ psychometrically, and…

Observed that current measures of sex role style, such as the Bem inventory, assess only positive, socially desirable attributes. A set of socially undesirable but sex-typed characteristics was developed and examined in relation to Bem Sex Role Inventory categories. (Author)

Responses of 453 Mexican undergraduates were used to assess factor structure of Bem's Sex Role Inventory, test a wider pool of positive/negative items based on Latin American stereotypes of men and women, and explore sex-role dimensions which could contribute to a more comprehensive model of masculinity and femininity. (NEC)

Administered a questionnaire probing experiences with abuse between dating partners (N=171) and sex-typing. Results indicated more traditionally masculine males were more likely to report having abused partners than males who were less clearly sex-typed. Women who were more clearly traditionally feminine were less likely to report having been…