Effect of peer presence on the sex-typed toy choices of three and four year olds (N=62) was investigated in a repeated measures experimental design. (MP)

Presents results of two studies supporting the hypothesis that attribution of more aggression to boys may be a function of observer bias. Reports that some forms of instruction eliminate sex-typed biases while others yield significant biases. Discusses implications pertaining to the socialization of aggression and to research on sex differences in…

In response to a commentary on the monograph reported in this issue, explains the reasons for four possible limitations to the research methodology of the study described in the monograph. Discusses possible effects of cultural context on the results of the study, and proposes reasons for the study's findings on sex typing for boys and girls in…

The behavior of teachers in introducing stereotyped and nonstereotyped and sex-typed and nonsex-typed toys in the classroom was observed. Results suggest that bias in the introduction of toys by adults may contribute to the sex-typing of specific activities. (Author)

Possible antecedents of toddler gender separation were studied with 57 toddlers with a mean age of 35 months. There were no differences between gender-segregating and nonsegregating children regarding gender toy preferences or gender awareness, but teachers saw gender-segregating girls as more socially sensitive. (SLD)

An observational analysis of the male and female role models presented on 10 commercially produced children's programs revealed striking sex differences in (1) the number of roles portrayed; (2) the behaviors portrayed; and (3) the behavior consequences experienced. Possible implications related to stereotyped sex role development are discussed.…

Two experiments examined toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities. Results suggest that knowledge about stereotyping adult activities starts to develop by the age of 24 months and common household activities are among the first gender-typed activities included in children's developing…

Examined the development of sex typing among 558 children aged 5-12 years. Several measures gathered information on sex typing, children's cognitive maturity, and children's exposure to sex-typed models at home. Found that children's knowledge of stereotypes, flexibility, and sex-typed personal preferences increased with age. Concludes that…

Research on the personality characteristics of undergraduates and mental patients identified as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated supported the hypothesis that sex role flexibility (androgyny) is positively related to mental health in women and indicated that relationships between sex role conformity and personality development…

Sex typing among preschool children was investigated by means of a complete experimental design to test which factors maintain sex-typed behaviors, to test whether sex-typed behaviors are learned, and to reduce sex typing. The complete experimental design, it is maintained, allows investigators to focus on the consequences of sex typing rather…