Reprint of a 1970 article that describes the oppression of Blacks and the distortion of Black family life throughout United States history. Holds that the myth of Black matriarchy sets back the struggle for Black liberation. (GC)

Advances a "rhetoricized" conception of alienation through the work of Mary Wollstonecraft, a British feminist writing in the 1790s. Suggests that alienation is a discursive problem posed by the interpolation of women throughout history and the reification of those interpolations over time. Shows how alienation functions as a critical…

This study examines the life and career of Julia Ann Sears, the first known female president of a public, coeducational institution of higher education in the United States. Sears, an educator from Massachusetts, served as president (principal) of the State Normal School at Mankato, Minnesota, from 1872-73 after teaching there for one year. At the…

This paper examines the negative stereotypes so long foisted on witty women and the move of contemporary witty women writers into a comic vision beyond the imposed connection of female wit to sly cleverness and witchcraft. To illustrate how the woman writer had to cope with a prejudice against and a fear of her wit, the paper considers three…

Model for looking at the position of women in librarianship and other female-intensive professions consists of three parts: needs of emerging progressive or welfare state with its ever-growing list of activities; prevailing gender system in progressive America; and adjustments required to accommodate tensions between the first two. Forty-four…

American stereographs of the late 19th and early 20th centuries are discussed in the context of the Victorian stylized stereotype of women which they so graphically capture. Stereograph cards and early motion pictures from the Library of Congress were the major sources studied. Stereograph cards were as ubiquitous in their time as television is…

The historical linkages between woman-as-mother and woman-as-teacher are reviewed. The consequences of this connection are explored for women who have taught and for public education in the United States. (Author/MT)

Gives a historical analysis of nineteenth-century attitudes toward women, with special focus on the development of art education for women at the College of Fine Arts, Syracuse University. Stereotyped beliefs about female physiognomy and morality justified a conception of art education as a cultural refinement especially suited to women.…

Statements by male philosophers and religious leaders from Biblical times to the present show the depth of negative feelings about women which pervade the world's major religions and civilizations. (IS)

Reviews evidence which suggests that the sexual division of labor and ideology of sex roles are not determined by biological constraints, but by the structural constraints of a given society. Discusses how the ideology of femininity, which evolved from the life-style of upper class White women, oppresses Black women. (Author/GC)

A historical overview of challenges to biased social values and sexist stereotypes in children's books is followed by observations by Carolyn W. Carmichael about literature as a reflection of its culture, and by a discussion by Patricia J. Cianciolo of considerations in evaluating classics for use with children. (ET)

Examines the organization of a two-tiered system of day care and education for young children from an institutional perspective, focusing on the significance of gender. The article explores the formation and development of the institutional charters of schools and school-like programs and of day-care programs. (SM)

Reprint of a 1971 article that criticizes the notion of Black matriarchy as implying that Black women actively assented to slavery. Discusses Black resistance to slavery, especially among women, and stresses the importance of recognizing such resistance if current popular sociological views on Black women are to be revised. (GC)

The implications for nursing education of the fact that nursing started as a woman's occupation in a field dominated by the male physician are considered. Although in 1873 nursing represented a real educational opportunity for large numbers of women, none of the prestigious women's colleges were interested in educating women for careers. In the…

Examines the "Promiscuous Audience" charge against activist women in the 1830s--its emergence, persuasive force, motivations, and responses to it. Shows how, in establishing their right to speak from public platforms, activist women did not rely on natural law or Constitutional appeals, but rather emphasized the special nature of female…