Investigated the notion that more "needful" or "negative" reasons for becoming a feminist are attributed to women who are relatively lacking in certain socially valued attributes. Found that occupation of women was a major variable for subjects in determining attribution. (Author/MK)

Observers' impressions of sex role stereotyped dimensions of videotaped male and female cotherapists were examined in two conditions: male dominant pairs, and female dominant pairs. Findings indicated that sex role stereotyping was determined by behavior rather than biological sex, and that sex of experimenter can subtly affect sex role research…

Subjects rated masculine and feminine first names on five connotative dimensions: evaluation, activity, potency, stability, and receptivity. The potency dimension (i.e., adjective pairs such as brave-cowardly, severe-lenient, strong-weak) was found to most strongly distinguish masculine and feminine names. No differences were found due to sex of…

American Sign Language (Ameslan) includes sex role stereotypes which implicitly treat females as subordinate to males. Particularly notable is the use of the upper portion of the head and brain area to sign male specific terms and the lower portion of the face to sign female specific terms. (Author/GC)

Examined the relationship between traditional sex-role stereotypes about personality traits and children's judgments about themselves and their peers. Also investigated the development of androgynous orientations in children. (CMG)

Examination of stereotypes about polite speech found that women are expected to speak more politely than men regardless of sex of addressee topic. Men are expected to use different forms for requests for masculine, feminine, and neutral actions and different forms of requests for male and female addressees. (CMG)

Examined the effect of sex-role stereotypes on leadership attribution. Subjects were asked to view photographs of groups where either a man or a woman sat at the head of a table. Data were consistent with the hypothesis that sex stereotypes still control social judgements and that discrimination operates unconsciously. (CMG)

Undergraduates read job descriptions referring to jobholders as "he,""he or she," or "they" and indicated their interest and estimated how difficult it would be to forget different groups of people. Results for females, but not males, supported the notion that generic use of masculine pronouns narrows readers' attitudes. (Author/MK)

A study of the use of sex-typed power bases indicated that, while speakers who used bases associated with the opposite sex were equally persuasive, women who demonstrated expertise and men who demonstrated helplessness were less liked and considered less competent than those who used appropriate sex-typed power bases. (Author/MJL)

In each of two experiments employing a 2 X 2 X 2 design, girls and boys observed a live male or female model display of appropriate (to the child's sex) or inappropriate behavior. Results indicated an interaction between sex of child and appropriateness. Boys were found to imitate opposite sex behavior less frequently than girls. (Author/GC)

Reports on a study of the presence of historical change in the self-concept and self-esteem of male and female late adolescents which utilized a time-lag design. Discusses results in terms of theoretical positions with which they are inconsistent and an emerging interactionist view which they appear to support. (Author/MK)

The results of two studies indicate that males and females respond differently to persons who are out of sex role. Females more often chose the sex-role-inappropriate person when asked whether they would hire a male or a female for a particular job. (Author/GC)

Reports the results of a 1988 replication of a sex stereotype study done in 1972. There were minor qualitative changes such as the perception of women as more and men as less reality-oriented, but there was no evidence that the two stereotypes had become significantly less differentiated. (CJS)

Examined toddlers' awareness of own-sex and other-sex gender-typed and non-gender-typed toys, also measuring accuracy at labeling sex. Toddlers participated in sequential touching tasks. Results indicated that toddlers possessed significant awareness of gender-typed categories, particularly own-sex gender-typed ones. Awareness of gender-typed…

Investigated whether images of human beings in two popular clip-art packages would embody modern, egalitarian goals for gender and racial equality or more traditional views. Overall, the clip-art depicted middle-aged Caucasian males more frequently and in more active/nonnurturant and desirable roles than any other group. Females tended to be…