Research is equivocal on whether attention orienting is atypical in autism. This study investigated two types of attention orienting in autistic people and accounted for the potential confounders of alerting level, co-occurring symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, age, and sex. Twenty-seven autistic participants…

Objective: The authors' purpose in this study was to investigate the influence of knowledge of osteoporosis, attitudes regarding osteoporosis, and knowledge of dietary calcium on dairy product intake in both male and female college-age students. Participants: The authors conducted this cross-sectional study on 911 men and women enrolled in 2…

If learning is viewed in terms of the tendency to approach a stimulus that has been rewarded and to avoid a stimulus that has not been rewarded, then it must be concluded that the subjects in this study did not learn. (Author)

A total of 72 Nigerian (Igbo) children learned reversal or extradimensional shifts under one of two conditions of locality (urban or rural) and one of three conditions of age (4, 7, or 10 years). Results showed significant main effects for shift, age, and locality and were interpreted as being consistent with the Kendlers' (1962) mediational…

Reversal and nonreversal shifts in 19 2- to 14-year-old autistic children were studied. Results indicated that the older autistic children did better on reversal shifts than did younger children, who performed better on nonreversal shifts. Findings were consistent with those for normal children. (Author)

Uses the balance scale task to assess the development of compensation across versions of the task. Shows that fully reversible thinking may not be typical even in college students; many subjects used the compensation operation inconsistently. Preschoolers tended to use the given information in a way that was opposite to that required for correct…

Results offer strong support to the notion that ontogenetic changes occur in the tendency for humans to prefer an Intradimensional over an Extradimensional choice in an optional discrimination shift paradigm. (Authors)

Results indicate that children's preferences were relatively stable over time. (Authors/MB)

Investigates the development of evaluative and taxonomic encoding in 7-, to 8-, and 11-year-old children's memories, and related experimental findings to recent work on the development of encoding in memory. (Author/ED)

Experiment was designed to teach the oddity principle to preschool age children whose age peers in earlier studies have had difficulty learning the oddity principle. (Authors)

Liniar functions fitted to the proportion of optional reversal shifts as a function of log CA were used to assess the effect of stimulus and training variables on the development of reversal-shift. (ST)

Results suggest that kindergarten children extinguish mediating responses faster than instrumental choice responses while the reverse probably holds with second graders. (Authors)

Results showed that reversal shift was easier than extradimensional shift and that relative shift difficulty was unaffected by instructions, in contrast to findings with college-age subjects. (Authors)

Presolution reversal prevented or significantly retarded learning in kindergarten and first-grade children but did not hinder learning in fifth-grade children. (Authors)