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Guida, Alessandro; Gobet, Fernand; Tardieu, Hubert; Nicolas, Serge – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Our review of research on PET and fMRI neuroimaging of experts and expertise acquisition reveals two apparently discordant patterns in working-memory-related tasks. When experts are involved, studies show activations in brain regions typically activated during long-term memory tasks that are not observed with novices, a result that is compatible…
Descriptors: Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Long Term Memory
Jausovec, Norbert; Jausovec, Ksenija – Brain and Cognition, 2012
The main objectives of the study were: to investigate whether training on working memory (WM) could improve fluid intelligence, and to investigate the effects WM training had on neuroelectric (electroencephalography--EEG) and hemodynamic (near-infrared spectroscopy--NIRS) patterns of brain activity. In a parallel group experimental design,…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Intelligence, Metabolism, Research Design
Hirano, Yoshiyuki; Obata, Takayuki; Takahashi, Hidehiko; Tachibana, Atsumichi; Kuroiwa, Daigo; Takahashi, Toru; Ikehira, Hiroo; Onozuka, Minoru – Brain and Cognition, 2013
In recent years, chewing has been discussed as producing effects of maintaining and sustaining cognitive performance. We have reported that chewing may improve or recover the process of working memory; however, the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are still to be elucidated. We investigated the effect of chewing on aspects of attention and…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Arousal Patterns, Stimuli, Reaction Time
Time Perception in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Study Comparing Different Methodologies
Mioni, G.; Mattalia, G.; Stablum, F. – Brain and Cognition, 2013
In this study, we investigated time perception in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Fifteen TBI patients and 15 matched healthy controls participated in the study. Participants were tested with durations above and below 1s on three different temporal tasks that involved time reproduction, production, and discrimination tasks. Data…
Descriptors: Brain, Executive Function, Head Injuries, Short Term Memory
Nagel, Bonnie J.; Herting, Megan M.; Maxwell, Emily C.; Bruno, Richard; Fair, Damien – Brain and Cognition, 2013
Adult functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) literature suggests that a left-right hemispheric dissociation may exist between verbal and spatial working memory (WM), respectively. However, investigation of this type has been obscured by incomparable verbal and spatial WM tasks and/or visual inspection at arbitrary thresholds as means to…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Short Term Memory, Diagnostic Tests
Micic, Dragana; Ehrlichman, Howard; Chen, Rebecca – Brain and Cognition, 2010
Non-visual gaze patterns (NVGPs) involve saccades and fixations that spontaneously occur in cognitive activities that are not ostensibly visual. While reasons for their appearance remain obscure, convergent empirical evidence suggests that NVGPs change according to processing requirements of tasks. We examined NVGPs in tasks with long-term memory…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Neurology, Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology)
Wallentin, Mikkel; Kristensen, Line Burholt; Olsen, Jacob Hedeager; Nielsen, Andreas Hojlund – Brain and Cognition, 2011
The brain's frontal eye fields (FEF), responsible for eye movement control, are known to be involved in spatial working memory (WM). In a previous fMRI experiment (Wallentin, Roepstorff & Burgess, Neuropsychologia, 2008) it was found that FEF activation was primarily related to the formation of an object-centered, rather than egocentric, spatial…
Descriptors: Eye Movements, Short Term Memory, Brain, Spatial Ability
Jahn, Georg; Wendt, Julia; Lotze, Martin; Papenmeier, Frank; Huff, Markus – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Keeping aware of the locations of objects while one is moving requires the updating of spatial representations. As long as the objects are visible, attentional tracking is sufficient, but knowing where objects out of view went in relation to one's own body involves an updating of spatial working memory. Here, multiple object tracking was employed…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Spatial Ability, Visual Stimuli, Attention
Hocking, Darren R.; Kogan, Cary S.; Cornish, Kim M. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Until a decade ago, it was assumed that males with the fragile X premutation were unaffected by any cognitive phenotype. Here we examined the extent to which CGG repeat toxicity extends to visuospatial functioning in male fragile X premutation carriers who are asymptomatic for a late-onset neurodegenerative disorder, fragile X-associated…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Genealogy, Males, Spatial Ability
Troche, Stefan J.; Indermuhle, Rebekka; Rammsayer, Thomas H. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Attentional blink (AB) refers to impaired identification of a target (T2) when this target follows a preceding target (T1) after about 150-450 ms within a stream of rapidly presented stimuli. Previous research on a possible relation between AB and mental ability (MA) turned out to be highly ambiguous. The present study investigated MA-related…
Descriptors: Evidence, Intelligence, Stimuli, Individual Differences
Nitschke, Kai; Ruh, Nina; Kappler, Sonja; Stahl, Christoph; Kaller, Christoph P. – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Understanding the functional neuroanatomy of planning and problem solving may substantially benefit from better insight into the chronology of the cognitive processes involved. Based on the assumption that regularities in cognitive processing are reflected in overtly observable eye-movement patterns, here we recorded eye movements while…
Descriptors: Evidence, Eye Movements, Problem Solving, Short Term Memory
Gross, Rachel G.; McMillan, Corey T.; Chandrasekaran, Keerthi; Dreyfuss, Michael; Ash, Sharon; Avants, Brian; Cook, Philip; Moore, Peachie; Libon, David J.; Siderowf, Andrew; Grossman, Murray – Brain and Cognition, 2012
Prior work has related sentence processing to executive deficits in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We extended this investigation to patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and PD dementia (PDD) by examining grammatical and working memory components of sentence processing in the full range of patients with Lewy body…
Descriptors: Sentences, Grammar, Dementia, Diseases
Bava, Sunita; Jacobus, Joanna; Mahmood, Omar; Yang, Tony T.; Tapert, Susan F. – Brain and Cognition, 2010
Background: Progressive myelination during adolescence implicates an increased vulnerability to neurotoxic substances and enduring neurocognitive consequences. This study examined the cognitive manifestations of altered white matter microstructure in chronic marijuana and alcohol-using (MJ + ALC) adolescents. Methods: Thirty-six MJ + ALC…
Descriptors: Substance Abuse, Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Memorization
Breitberg, Alaina; Drevets, Wayne C.; Wood, Suzanne E.; Mah, Linda; Schulkin, Jay; Sahakian, Barbara J.; Erickson, Kristine – Brain and Cognition, 2013
Glucocorticoid administration has been shown to exert complex effects on cognitive and emotional processing. In the current study we investigated the effects of glucocorticoid administration on attention towards emotional words, using an Affective Go/No-go task on which healthy humans have shown an attentional bias towards positive as compared to…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Cognitive Processes, Reaction Time, Short Term Memory
de Fockert, Jan W.; Theeuwes, Jan – Brain and Cognition, 2012
The role of frontal cortex in selective attention to visual distractors was examined in an attentional capture task in which participants searched for a unique shape in the presence or absence of an additional colour singleton distractor. The presence of the additional singleton was associated with slower behavioural responses to the shape target,…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Role, Brain Hemisphere Functions