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Ivan Tomic; Paul M. Bays – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Population coding models provide a quantitative account of visual working memory (VWM) retrieval errors with a plausible link to the response characteristics of sensory neurons. Recent work has provided an important new perspective linking population coding to variables of signal detection, including d-prime, and put forward a new hypothesis: that…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Recall (Psychology)
Pratte, Michael S.; Green, Marshall L. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
People vary in their performance on visual working memory tasks, and these individual differences covary with a wide range of higher-level cognitive processes including fluid intelligence. Performance also varies across study displays, purportedly driven by both low- and higher-level processes. Understanding what causes these sources of systematic…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Individual Differences, Cognitive Processes
Guo, Dong; Wang, Yudan; Liao, Yifan; Li, Jiaofeng; Zhang, Xingyi; Gao, Zaifeng; Shen, Mowei; He, Jie – Child Development, 2022
Visual working memory (WM) plays a pivotal role in integrating fragments into meaningful units, but no study has addressed how visual WM integration takes place in children. The current study examined whether WM integration emerges once preschoolers master Gestalt cue and can retain two representations in WM (automatic integration hypothesis), or…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Age Differences, Cues
Heuer, Anna; Rolfs, Martin – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Natural environments provide a rich spatiotemporal context that allows for visual objects to be differentiated based on different types of information: their absolute or relative spatial or temporal coordinates, or their ordinal positions in a spatial or temporal sequence. Here, we investigated which spatial and temporal properties are…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability
Jabar, Syaheed B.; Fougnie, Daryl – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Expectations about the environment play a large role in shaping behavior, but how does this occur? Do expectations change the way we perceive the world, or just our decisions based on unbiased perceptions? We investigated the relative contributions of priors to these 2 stages by manipulating "when" information about expected color was…
Descriptors: Expectation, Behavior Change, Visual Perception, Decision Making
Ekaterina Andreevna Khlystova – ProQuest LLC, 2024
This dissertation investigates the interaction of developing extralinguistic cognitive systems with early language learning and processing through the case study of verb argument structure. The interaction of these systems with the linguistic system underpins fundamental theories of language learning and use: language does not exist in isolation.…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Acquisition, Language Processing, Verbs
Traverso, Laura; Tonizzi, Irene; Usai, M. Carmen; Viterbori, Paola – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2023
Children's arithmetic performance is dependent on the arithmetic task format, but little is known about how domain-specific and domain-general abilities contribute to solving diverse arithmetic problems. In this study, 145 Italian typically developing children between the ages of five and six, who have not yet received formal schooling, were…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Numeracy, Arithmetic, Mathematics Skills
The Performance Costs of Interruption during Visual Search Are Determined by the Type of Search Task
Alonso, David; Lavelle, Mark; Drew, Trafton – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Prior research has shown that interruptions lead to a variety of performance costs. However, these costs are heterogenous and poorly understood. Under some circumstances, interruptions lead to large decreases in accuracy on the primary task, whereas in others task duration increases, but task accuracy is unaffected. Presently, the underlying cause…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Visual Perception, Performance
Gao, Zaifeng; Li, Jiaofeng; Wu, Jinglan; Dai, Alessandro; Liao, Huayu; Shen, Mowei – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Working memory (WM) has a limited capacity; however, this limitation can be mitigated by selecting individual items from the set currently held in WM for prioritization. The selection mechanism underlying this prioritization ability is referred to as the focus of attention (FOA) in WM. Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Cues, Task Analysis
Besken, Miri; Mulligan, Neil W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Ancient as well as modern writers have promoted the idea that bizarre images enhance memory. Research has documented bizarreness effects, with one standard technique finding that sentences describing unusual, implausible, or bizarre scenarios are better remembered than sentences describing plausible, every day, or common scenarios. Not…
Descriptors: Memory, Visual Stimuli, Visualization, Cognitive Processes
Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Nurit Paz-Baruch – Educational Studies, 2024
The study identified the cognitive mechanisms that underly individual differences in mathematics and reading. There is little systematic evidence regarding the connections between cognitive capabilities, mathematics and reading among high-school students with typical development. Moreover, the study aimed to examine whether or not gender is…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Cognitive Processes, Mathematics Achievement, Reading Achievement
Demir, Bora – Shanlax International Journal of Education, 2021
Working Memory (WM) is an essential concept of cognitive science since many aspects of human learning depend on it. Primarily proposed by Baddeley and Hitch (1974) and developed by Baddeley (1986), the concept of WM comprises the number of subsystems involved during the process and the considerable emphasis on its key role in cognitive tasks such…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Second Language Learning, Phonology
Dall, Jonas Olsen; Wang, Yong-ming; Cai, Xin-lu; Chan, Raymond C. K.; Sørensen, Thomas Alrik – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Using Chinese characters, we investigated how stroke count and frequency of use influence attention and short-term memory (STM) encoding in Mainland Chinese speakers. To isolate specific components of attention we employed the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which allowed estimates of STM capacity, processing speed, and the threshold of visual…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Visual Stimuli, Short Term Memory
Aul, Courtney; Brau, Julia M.; Sugarman, Alexander; DeGutis, Joseph M.; Germine, Laura T.; Esterman, Michael; McGlinchey, Regina E.; Fortenbaugh, Francesca C. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Visuospatial processing speed underlies several cognitive functions critical for successful completion of everyday tasks, including driving and walking. While it is widely accepted that visuospatial processing speed peaks in early adulthood, performance across the lifespan remains incompletely characterized. Additionally, there remains a lack of…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability, Test Construction