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Showing 1 to 15 of 204 results Save | Export
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Matthieu Chidharom; Nancy B. Carlisle – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Attention allows us to focus on relevant information while ignoring distractions. Effective suppression of distracting information is crucial for efficient visual search. Recent studies have developed two paradigms to investigate attentional suppression: cued-suppression which is based on top-down control, and learned-suppression which is based on…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Visual Aids, Short Term Memory
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Yanli Lin; Rachel E. Brough; Allison Tay; Joshua J. Jackson; Todd S. Braver – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Previous research has linked working memory capacity (WMC) with enhanced proactive control. However, it remains unclear the extent to which this relationship reflects the influence of WMC on the tendency to engage proactive control, or rather, the ability to implement it. The current study sought to clarify this ambiguity by leveraging the Dual…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Self Control
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Luo, Tianrui; Huang, Liqiang; Tian, Mi – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
The retro-cue effect (RCE) describes the finding that participants' working memory performance is enhanced when their attention is directed to the to-be-tested position by a spatial cue during the retention interval. Here, we explore the relationship between RCE and working memory consolidation. A sequential display retro-cue paradigm is used for…
Descriptors: Cues, Recall (Psychology), Short Term Memory, Attention
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Tam, Joyce; Wyble, Brad – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
We investigated the extents of automaticity in location and orientation encoding in visual working memory (VWM) by manipulating their task relevance and assessing the amount of resource recruited by their encoding. Across five experiments, participants were surprised with a location report trial (Experiment 1A, 2A, and 3) or an orientation report…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory, Color, Late Adolescents
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Wei Chen; Shujuan Ye; Xin Yan; Xiaowei Ding – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Massive studies have explored biological motion (BM) crowds processing for their remarkable social significance, primarily focused on uniformly distributed ones. However, real-world BM crowds often exhibit hierarchical structures rather than uniform arrangements. How such structured BM crowds are processed remains a subject of inquiry. This study…
Descriptors: Biology, Motion, Cognitive Processes, Short Term Memory
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Matthew R. Dougherty; David Halpern; Michael J. Kahana – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
Although possible to recall in both forward and backward order, recall proceeds most naturally in the order of encoding. Prior studies ask whether and how forward and backward recall differ. We reexamine this classic question by studying recall dynamics while varying the predictability and timing of forward and backward cues. Although overall…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Serial Ordering, Short Term Memory, Prediction
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Giménez-Fernández, Tamara; Vicente-Conesa, Francisco; Luque, David; Vadillo, Miguel A. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In a typical probabilistic cuing experiment, participants are asked to find a visual target among a series of distractors. Although participants are not informed about this, the target appears more frequently in one region of the display, resulting in faster search times for targets located in this region. This bias is thought to depend on a…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Probability, Cues, Attention
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Krasnoff, Julia; Oberauer, Klaus – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
This work investigates how people make judgments about the content of their visual working memory (VWM). Some studies on long-term memory suggest that people base those metacognitive judgments on the outcome of a retrieval attempt. In contrast, Son and Metcalfe (2005) observed that people identify poorly remembered items immediately, presumably by…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Color
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Pulido, Manuel F.; López-Beltrán, Priscila – Cognitive Science, 2023
Previous work on individual differences has revealed limitations in the ability of existing measures (e.g., working memory) to predict language processing. Recent evidence suggests that an individual's sensitivity to detect the statistical regularities present in language (i.e., "chunk sensitivity") may significantly modulate online…
Descriptors: Phrase Structure, Native Speakers, Gender Differences, Cues
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Freier, Livia; Gupta, Pankaj; Badre, David; Amso, Dima – Developmental Science, 2021
Rule-guided behavior depends on the ability to strategically update and act on content held in working memory. Proactive and reactive control strategies were contrasted across two experiments using an adapted input/output gating paradigm (Neuron, 81, 2014 and 930). Behavioral accuracies of 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds were higher when a contextual cue…
Descriptors: Goal Orientation, Children, Short Term Memory, Selection
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Saint-Aubin, Jean; Poirier, Marie; Yearsley, James M.; Robichaud, Jean-Michel; Guitard, Dominic – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
When remembering over the short-term, long-term knowledge has a large effect on the number of correctly recalled items and little impact on memory for order. This is true, for example, when the effects of semantic category are examined. Contrary to what these findings suggest, Poirier et al. in 2015 proposed that memory for order relies on the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Models, Cues, Serial Ordering
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Popov, Vencislav; So, Matthew; Reder, Lynne M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Normative word frequency has played a key role in the study of human memory, but there is little agreement as to the mechanism responsible for its effects. To determine whether word frequency affects binding probability or memory precision, we used a continuous reproduction task to examine working memory for spatial positions of words. In three…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Word Frequency, Error Patterns, Mnemonics
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Guo, Dong; Wang, Yudan; Liao, Yifan; Li, Jiaofeng; Zhang, Xingyi; Gao, Zaifeng; Shen, Mowei; He, Jie – Child Development, 2022
Visual working memory (WM) plays a pivotal role in integrating fragments into meaningful units, but no study has addressed how visual WM integration takes place in children. The current study examined whether WM integration emerges once preschoolers master Gestalt cue and can retain two representations in WM (automatic integration hypothesis), or…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Visual Perception, Age Differences, Cues
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Shimi, Andria; Scerif, Gaia – Developmental Science, 2022
Working memory (WM) improves dramatically during childhood but what drives this improvement is not well understood. One influential account thus far has proposed a simple increase in storage capacity. However, recent findings have shown that multiple factors, such as differences in the ability to use attention to enhance the maintenance of…
Descriptors: Attention, Bias, Short Term Memory, Accuracy
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Gao, Zaifeng; Li, Jiaofeng; Wu, Jinglan; Dai, Alessandro; Liao, Huayu; Shen, Mowei – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Working memory (WM) has a limited capacity; however, this limitation can be mitigated by selecting individual items from the set currently held in WM for prioritization. The selection mechanism underlying this prioritization ability is referred to as the focus of attention (FOA) in WM. Although impressive progress has been achieved in recent…
Descriptors: Attention Control, Short Term Memory, Cues, Task Analysis
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