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Showing 1 to 15 of 54 results Save | Export
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Philipp Musfeld; Alessandra S. Souza; Klaus Oberauer – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
One of the best-known demonstrations of long-term learning through repetition is the Hebb effect: Immediate recall of a memory list repeated amidst nonrepeated lists improves steadily with repetitions. However, previous studies often failed to observe this effect for visuospatial arrays. Souza and Oberauer (2022) showed that the strongest…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Testing, Expectation
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Yicong Zheng; Aike Shi; Xiaonan L. Liu – npj Science of Learning, 2024
This Perspective article expands on a working memory-dependent dual-process model, originally proposed by Zheng et al., to elucidate individual differences in the testing effect. This model posits that the testing effect comprises two processes: retrieval-attempt and post-retrieval re-encoding. We substantiate this model with empirical evidence…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Models, Individual Differences, Testing
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Camille Tordet; Jonathan Fernandez; Eric Jamet – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2025
Background: Previous research has demonstrated that quizzing can improve self-regulation processes and learning performances. However, it remains unclear whether quizzes in multimedia material bring similar benefits, and whether interindividual differences such as working memory capacity (WMC) modulate quizzing effects. Aims: This study aimed to…
Descriptors: Self Management, Academic Achievement, Cognitive Processes, Multimedia Materials
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James Pengelley; Peter R. Whipp; Anabela Malpique – Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 2025
The rising use of technology in classrooms has also brought with it a concomitant wave of computer-based assessments. The argument for computer-based testing is often framed in terms of efficiency and data management: computer-based tests facilitate more efficient processing of test data and the rate at which feedback can be leveraged for student…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Paper and Pencil Tests, Computer Assisted Testing, Student Evaluation
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Loaiza, Vanessa M.; Halse, Sindre C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2019
Previous work regarding a counterintuitive benefit of increasing distractors on episodic long-term memory (LTM) has suggested that retrieval of memoranda in working memory (WM) after attention has been distracted may confer benefits to episodic LTM. The current study investigated 2 conceptions of how this may occur: either as an attentional…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Performance Factors, Attention
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AuBuchon, Angela M.; Kronenberger, William G.; Stone, Lindsay; Pisoni, David B. – Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 2020
Experimental measures of working memory that minimize rehearsal and maximize attentional control best predict higher-order cognitive abilities. These tasks fundamentally differ from clinically administered span tasks, which do not control strategy use. Participants engaged in concurrent articulation (to limit rehearsal) or concurrent tapping (to…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Tests, Recall (Psychology), Attention
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Leahy, Wayne; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2019
The testing effect occurs when students, given information to learn and then practice during a test, perform better on a subsequent content post-test than students who restudy the information as a substitute for the practice test. The effect is often weaker or reversed if immediate rather than delayed post-tests are used. The weakening may be due…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Theories, Short Term Memory
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Mulligan, Neil W.; Rawson, Katherine A.; Peterson, Daniel J.; Wissman, Kathryn T. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Although memory retrieval often enhances subsequent memory, Peterson and Mulligan (2013) reported conditions under which retrieval produces poorer subsequent recall--the negative testing effect. The item-specific--relational account proposes that the effect occurs when retrieval disrupts interitem organizational processing relative to the restudy…
Descriptors: Testing, Recall (Psychology), Memory, Cognitive Ability
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Likourezos, Vicki; Kalyuga, Slava; Sweller, John – Educational Psychology Review, 2019
Based on cognitive load theory, this paper reports on two experiments investigating the variability effect that occurs when learners' exposure to highly variable tasks results in superior test performance. It was hypothesised that the effect was more likely to occur using high rather than low levels of guidance and testing more knowledgeable than…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Testing, Knowledge Level
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Tempel, Tobias; Neumann, Roland – Journal of Experimental Education, 2016
We investigated processes underlying performance decrements of highly test-anxious persons. Three experiments contrasted conditions that differed in the degree of activation of concepts related to failure. Participants memorized a list of words either containing words related to failure or containing no words related to failure in Experiment 1. In…
Descriptors: Test Anxiety, Cognitive Tests, Test Wiseness, Foreign Countries
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Stenlund, Tova; Sundström, Anna; Jonsson, Bert – Educational Psychology, 2016
This study examined whether practice testing with short-answer (SA) items benefits learning over time compared to practice testing with multiple-choice (MC) items, and rereading the material. More specifically, the aim was to test the hypotheses of "retrieval effort" and "transfer appropriate processing" by comparing retention…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Test Format, Testing
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Chan, Jason C. K.; Erdman, Matthew R.; Davis, Sara D. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
The mechanism responsible for retrieval-induced forgetting has been the subject of rigorous theoretical debate, with some researchers postulating that retrieval-induced forgetting can be explained by interference (J. G .W. Raaijmakers & E. Jakab, 2013) or context reinstatement (T. R. Jonker, P. Seli, & C. M. MacLeod, 2013), whereas others…
Descriptors: Memory, Recall (Psychology), Inhibition, Interference (Learning)
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Schmitz, Florian; Wilhelm, Oliver – Journal of Intelligence, 2019
Current taxonomies of intelligence comprise two factors of mental speed, clerical speed (Gs), and elementary cognitive speed (Gt). Both originated from different research traditions and are conceptualized as dissociable constructs in current taxonomies. However, previous research suggests that tasks of one category can be transferred into the…
Descriptors: Taxonomy, Intelligence Tests, Testing, Test Format
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Nittrouer, Susan; Lowenstein, Joanna H. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2020
Purpose: It is well recognized that adding the visual to the acoustic speech signal improves recognition when the acoustic signal is degraded, but how that visual signal affects postrecognition processes is not so well understood. This study was designed to further elucidate the relationships among auditory and visual codes in working memory, a…
Descriptors: Acoustics, Speech Communication, Verbal Ability, Short Term Memory
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Minear, Meredith; Coane, Jennifer H.; Boland, Sarah C.; Cooney, Leah H.; Albat, Marissa – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
The authors examined whether individual differences in fluid intelligence (gF) modulate the testing effect. Participants studied Swahili--English word pairs and repeatedly studied half the pairs or attempted retrieval, with feedback, for the remaining half. Word pairs were easy or difficult to learn. Overall, participants showed a benefit of…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Intelligence, Information Retrieval, Testing
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