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Gao, Ruiqin – ProQuest LLC, 2023
This multiple-manuscript dissertation explored the measurement invariance (MI) testing with multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CFA) approach from different perspectives. Study 1 explored MI from a theoretical perspective by conducting a systematic review study on MI practices in education. The findings of this study indicated…
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Factor Analysis, Simulation, Elementary School Students