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The Effect of Pre-Event Instructions on Eyewitness Identification
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Baldassari, Mario J.; Moore, Kara N.; Hyman, Ira E., Jr.; Hope, Lorraine; Mah, Eric Y.; Lindsay, D. Stephen; Mansour, Jamal; Saraiva, Renan; Horry, Ruth; Rath, Hannah; Kelly, Lauren; Jones, Rosie; Vale, Shannan; Lawson, Bethany; Pedretti, Josh; Palma, Tomás A.; Cruz, Francisco; Quarenta, Joana; Van der Cruyssen, Ine; Mileva, Mila; Allen, Jessica; Jeye, Brittany; Wiechert, Sara – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
Research on eyewitness identification often involves exposing participants to a simulated crime and later testing memory using a lineup. We conducted a systematic review showing that pre-event instructions, instructions given before event exposure, are rarely reported and those that are reported vary in the extent to which they warn participants…
Descriptors: Memory, Audiences, Attention, Observation
Change Blindness in Simulated Driving in Individuals with Homonymous Visual Field Loss
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Swan, Garrett; Xu, Jing; Baliutaviciute, Vilte; Bowers, Alex – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Individuals with homonymous visual field loss (HVFL) fail to perceive visual information that falls within the blind portions of their visual field. This places additional burden on memory to represent information in their blind visual field, which may make visual changes in the scene more difficult to detect. Failing to detect changes could have…
Descriptors: Visual Impairments, Simulation, Visual Perception, Change
Improving Auditory Alarm Sensitivity during Simulated Aeronautical Decision-Making: The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Computerized Working Memory Training
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Rongjuan Zhu; Xiaoliang Ma; Ziyu Wang; Qi Hui; Xuqun You – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2025
Auditory alarm deafness is a failure to notice a salient auditory signal in a high-load context, which is one of the major causes of flight accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance for aviation safety to explore ways to avoid auditory alarm deafness under a high-load scenario. One potential reason for its occurrence could be the…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Sensory Experience, Decision Making, Aviation Education
Testing Landmark-Specific Effects on Route Navigation in an Ecologically Valid Setting: A Simulated Driving Study
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Jabbari, Yasaman; Kenney, Darren M.; von Mohrenschildt, Martin; Shedden, Judith M. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
We used a driving simulator to investigate landmark-based route navigation in young adults. Previous research has examined how proximal and distal landmarks influence route navigation, however, these effects have not been extensively tested in ecologically-relevant settings. We used a virtual town in which participants learned various routes while…
Descriptors: Navigation, Young Adults, Simulation, Proximity
Search Efforts and Face Recognition: The Role of Expectations of Encounter and Within-Person Variability in Prospective Person Memory
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Kara N. Moore; Blake L. Nesmith; Dara U. Zwemer; Chenxin Yu – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
People perform poorly at sighting missing and wanted persons in simulated searches due to attention and face recognition failures. We manipulated participants' expectations of encountering a target person and the within-person variability of the targets' photographs studied in a laboratory-based and a field-based prospective person memory task. We…
Descriptors: Human Body, Recognition (Psychology), Simulation, Attention Control
Group Decisions Based on Confidence Weighted Majority Voting
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Meyen, Sascha; Sigg, Dorothee M. B.; von Luxburg, Ulrike; Franz, Volker H. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Background: It has repeatedly been reported that, when making decisions under uncertainty, groups outperform individuals. Real groups are often replaced by simulated groups: Instead of performing an actual group discussion, individual responses are aggregated by a numerical computation. While studies have typically used unweighted majority voting…
Descriptors: Group Discussion, Decision Making, Voting, Simulation
Toward a More Comprehensive Modeling of Sequential Lineups
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Kellen, David; McAdoo, Ryan M. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2022
Sequential lineups are one of the most commonly used procedures in police departments across the USA. Although this procedure has been the target of much experimental research, there has been comparatively little work formally modeling it, especially the sequential nature of the judgments that it elicits. There are also important gaps in our…
Descriptors: Guidelines, Comparative Analysis, Police, Law Enforcement
Audiovisual Messages May Improve the Processing of Traffic Information and Driver Attention during Partially Automated Driving: An EEG Study
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Marina Pi-Ruano; Alexandra Fort; Pilar Tejero; Christophe Jallais; Javier Roca – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2024
Partially autonomous vehicles can help minimize human errors. However, being free from some driving subtasks can result in a low vigilance state, which can affect the driver's attention towards the road. The present study first tested whether drivers of partially autonomous vehicles would benefit from the addition of auditory versions of the…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Task Analysis, Motor Vehicles
Improved X-Ray Baggage Screening Sensitivity with 'Targetless' Search Training
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Muhl-Richardson, Alex; Parker, Maximilian G.; Recio, Sergio A.; Tortosa-Molina, Maria; Daffron, Jennifer L.; Davis, Greg J. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
When searching for a known target, mental representations of target features, or templates, guide attention towards matching objects and facilitate recognition. When only distractor features are known, distractor templates allow irrelevant objects to be recognised and attention to be shifted away. This is particularly true in X-ray baggage search,…
Descriptors: Air Transportation, Screening Tests, Spectroscopy, Security Personnel
Bicyclist-Evoked Arousal and Greater Attention to Bicyclists Independently Promote Safer Driving
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Kim, Andy Jeesu; Alambeigi, Hananeh; Goddard, Tara; McDonald, Anthony D.; Anderson, Brian A. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
While attention has consistently been shown to be biased toward threatening objects in experimental settings, our understanding of how attention is modulated when the observer is in an anxious or aroused state and how this ultimately affects behavior is limited. In real-world environments, automobile drivers can sometimes carry negative…
Descriptors: Physical Activities, Arousal Patterns, Safety, Attention
Real-Time Prediction of Short-Timescale Fluctuations in Cognitive Workload
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Boehm, Udo; Matzke, Dora; Gretton, Matthew; Castro, Spencer; Cooper, Joel; Skinner, Michael; Strayer, David; Heathcote, Andrew – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2021
Human operators often experience large fluctuations in cognitive workload over seconds timescales that can lead to sub-optimal performance, ranging from overload to neglect. Adaptive automation could potentially address this issue, but to do so it needs to be aware of real-time changes in operators' spare cognitive capacity, so it can provide help…
Descriptors: Prediction, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Automation