Advantages of simulation are link between classroom and real experience, experiment with risk, intensive focus, and reflection on experience. It can involve rigorous and time-consuming preparation, unpredictable outcomes, and trainee resistance. Facilitators need good coaching skills and personal sensitivity. (SK)

Meaningful role plays have three phases: warm-up, which creates an environment that fosters interaction and overcomes resistance; action, during which protagonists and auxiliaries are chosen and the action is periodically frozen for reflection and feedback; and closure, to reinforce learning and plan its integration into job performance. (SK)

McAteer discusses how simulations can provide rich learning environments and explains how to design behavioral simulations. MacDonald describes the use of the listening vignette in workshops on listening skills. (JOW)

Explains how training simulations can make on-the-job learning faster and safer by providing hands-on experience and controlled environments. Offers tips for assessing the costs and designing and effective simulation. (Author)