Thirty students were formed into ten triads, each of which participated in a series of 48 games generated by the combination of eight power structures with six payoff levels. The game paradigm presented each player with the option of attacking or not attacking one of the other two players in this triad. The game procedure, apparatus and design are…

This paper describes a simulation game, "Hacienda," designed to replicate the economic and social realities of the peasants' situation in rural Ecuador. The game involves three to 15 players (and often more), one of whom, by a roll of the dice, takes the role of "hacendado," or hacienda owner, who gains title to all the…

This paper examines the relationship between Paulo Friere's philosophy and methodology in "Pedagogy of the Opressed" and the use of simulation games for consciousness raising. Friere suggests that the supposed insurmountable barriers facing oppressed peoples are as much a product of their perceptions as they are of the oppressor. The…