The partial credit model with a varying slope parameter is developed and called the generalized partial credit model (GPCM). Analysis results for simulated data by this and other polytomous item-response models demonstrate that the rating formulation of the GPCM is adaptable to the analysis of polytomous item responses. (SLD)

A study using five Southern Illinois University senior medical school classes (n=350 students) investigated whether having a standardized patient simulate a case repeatedly in postclerkship medical student evaluation affects the measure's reliability. Results suggest that repeated simulation had little or no effect on intercase reliability of…

Considers the nature of learning and examines the role of simulations and games in promoting learning. Topics discussed include relating general systems theory to the process of learning; Kolb's model of experiential learning; the debriefing process in games and simulations; and the role of the teacher. (13 references) (LRW)

Used simulations of computerized adaptive tests to evaluate results yielded by four commonly used ability estimation methods: maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and three Bayesian approaches. Results show clear distinctions between MLE and Bayesian methods. (SLD)

Contrasts "mental models" used by automated scoring for the simulation division of the computerized Architect Registration Examination with those used by experienced human graders for 3,613 candidate solutions. Discusses differences in the models used and the potential of automated scoring to enhance the validity evidence of scores. (SLD)

This introduction to a special issue on play and simulation/gaming examines the distinction often made between children's play and adult gaming. It illustrates the diversity of play activities and the pedagogical uses of gaming, and demonstrates that these two fields of reflection have everything to gain through mutual enrichment. (AEF)

One way to assist students in developing correct intuitive ideas about the effect of sample size is to allow students to simulate similar problems. Describes experiences with classes performing simulation using graphing calculators. (ASK)

Investigated Type I error rates of the likelihood-ratio test for the detection of differential item functioning (DIF) using Monte Carlo simulations under the graded-response model. Type I error rates were within theoretically expected values for all six combinations of sample sizes and ability-matching conditions at each of the nominal alpha…

Carried out simulations in which a set of morphologically-related words varying in semantic transparency were embedded in either a morphologically rich language (Hebrew) or an impoverished artificial language. Found that morphological priming increased with degree of semantic transparency in both languages. (Author/VWL)

Describes a classroom demonstration called the Gambler's Fallacy where students in an introductory psychology statistics class participate in simulated gambling using weekly results from professional football game outcomes over a 10 week period. Explains that the demonstration illustrates that random processes do not self-correct and statistical…

The bias and relative efficiency of two alternative estimators of optimal weights in meta-analysis were assessed through Monte Carlo simulation, defining the standardized mean differences as the effect-size index. The estimator proposed by L. Hedges and I. Olkin (1985) was more efficient than that of J. Hunter and F. Schmidt (1990). (SLD)

Standardized patients are subjects who accurately and consistently simulate presentation of medical cases as a method of assessing physician performance. This method is direct, valid, reliable, and feasible when focused on the patient-doctor interaction. (SK)

A Monte Carlo simulation study investigated the effects on 10 structural equation modeling fit indexes of sample size, estimation method, and model specification. Some fit indexes did not appear to be comparable, and it was apparent that estimation method strongly influenced almost all fit indexes examined, especially for misspecified models. (SLD)

Presents a series of simple and inexpensive hands-on activities with a host of extension lesson ideas that can be used to actively introduce students to the scientific theory of evolution. Lessons are designed to thwart common student difficulties. Classes are structured around a predator-prey simulation game that creates a springboard for…

A Rasch-type analysis is presented for multiple-choice items in which one parameter is assigned to each distractor. Results of a small simulation study show that the parameter recovery of the distractor model is very satisfactory. Analysis of a real dataset shows that some items fit the Rasch model rather than the distractor model. (SLD)