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Olsen, Robert B.; Orr, Larry L.; Bell, Stephen H.; Stuart, Elizabeth A. – Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 2013
Evaluations of the impact of social programs are often carried out in multiple sites, such as school districts, housing authorities, local TANF offices, or One-Stop Career Centers. Most evaluations select sites purposively following a process that is nonrandom. Unfortunately, purposive site selection can produce a sample of sites that is not…
Descriptors: Site Selection, Models, Statistical Bias, Mathematical Formulas
Stuart, Elizabeth A.; Olsen, Robert B.; Bell, Stephen H.; Orr, Larry L. – Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2012
While there has been some increasing interest in external validity, most work to this point has been in assessing the similarity of a randomized trial sample and a population of interest (e.g., Stuart et al., 2010; Tipton, 2011). The goal of this research is to calculate empirical estimates of the external validity bias in educational intervention…
Descriptors: Validity, Bias, Computation, Outcome Measures