The issue of mathematics anxiety and its possible links to mathematical competence have long been of concern to mathematics educators, particularly with the potential of the effects of mathematics anxiety to be transmitted from teacher to student. Hence it is in the interests of teacher educators to understand the nature of mathematics anxiety and…

To explore the specific types of power that emerge in the communication messages chief executive officers (CEOs) use when interacting with others--particularly superiors, peers, and subordinates--15 CEOs were asked to respond to three hypothetical situations. During 60-minute tape-recorded interviews, they were asked what they would say to…

Gilligan's theory, which identifies two distinct orientations of moral decision-making, care and justice, was extended in this study. Moral dilemmas were used to ascertain percentages of care-based responses versus justice-based responses in 40 men and 39 women. Based on previous research, it was predicted that by increasing the level of…

Fair, valid, and reliable measurement of dependent variables is a concern in personnel evaluation studies. Performance tests, that is, job or work sample tests, situational tests, and job learning or trainability tests, are being used with increasing frequency as measurement techniques capable of meeting these needs. The three categories of…

Contradictory predictions concerning control over negative events exist in Walster's self-protective attribution theory which maintains that on-lookers in negative situations are apt to seek control by convincing themselves that such a situation couldn't happen to them, while Shaver's defensive attribution theory suggests that in a comparable…

In an attempt to test the role of situational factors on alcohol consumption, this laboratory study was designed to determine if angered subjects would drink more in a tasting task than nonangered subjects. It was hypothesized (1) that subjects who were angered would drink more in the tasting task than control subjects; and (2) that subjects who…

In two experiments employing female and male subjects, respectively, social reactions to "success" were manipulated in an attempt to assess the validity of Horner's Fear-of-Success (FOS) concept as a motivational construct. The use of a single-criterion, dichotomous scoring procedure on a fantasy-based measure of the construct produced…

Previous research has found that people are often so anxious about performing in public that they cannot recall what happened when they were next-in-line to perform. In the current research, 96 general psychology students at Texas Christian University, in four experimental groups of 24 subjects each, took turns reading words aloud. Later, they…

A model public school vocational evaluation center for handicapped students is described. The model's battery of work samples and tests of vocational aptitudes, personal and social adjustment, physical capacities, and work habits are listed. In addition, observation of such work behaviors as remembering instructions, correcting errors, reacting to…

The design of a re-usable instructional algorithm for computer based instruction (CBI) is described. The prototype is implemented on IBM PC compatibles running the Windows(TM) graphical environment, using the prototyping tool ToolBook(TM). The algorithm is designed to reduce development and life cycle costs for CBI by providing an authoring…

The contribution of cognitive and affective experiences on empathy in children was assessed. It was expected that children receiving experience with both components would show more empathy than those receiving experience with only one or neither of these components. Six- to eight-year-olds participated in two phases, Training and Assessment. In…

This study examined the effects of varying degrees of situational definition on expectation states of third graders. The experiment was conducted in the spring and replicated in the fall. A total of 389 children in 12 third grade classrooms participated. The experimental conditions reflected three degrees of situational definition. In the…

Sixty-two white middle class subjects forming two age groups (6 and 11 years) were given information about hypothetical peers who were described as hitting the subject child. Children indicated how much they thought the peer should be punished (spanked). Older subjects put more emphasis on situational or personal information about the peer…

In a study of young children's knowledge of sexual abuse, it was hypothesized that not all skill components that children needed to enable them to recognize and handle sexual abuse would be learned to the same degree. Participants were 117 children of 3-6 years of age from 4 preschools. The Grossmont College Sexual Abuse Prevention Program…

A study focused on those factors that typically characterize television viewing--those ground rules for processing that are relatively immutable and those that vary in accordance with situation and contextual cues within the environment. Sixty fifth grade students were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. Members of all four groups…