This study tested the hypothesis that situational factors act as determinants of achievement behavior and that these factors affect the behavior of pre and postadolescent groups differently. (Author/SB)

Generated a taxonomy of situations most likley to lead deviant children to experience social difficulties. Study 1 administered a survey to teachers of rejected (N=45) and adaptive (N=39) children. Found six main situation types. Study 2 tested 15 items within the six situations. The items differentiated the two groups. (BH)

Verbal Situation Exercises composed by Rosenzweig showed degrees of adjustment or maladjustment to frustrating situations. Mixture of Socially-accepted and non-accepted class disruptors from grades 3,6,9 participated. More maladjusted behavior choices were elicited from rural children in comparison to their urban counterparts. Very little…

The possible effects of acquiescence response style upon endorsement of items in the Vocational Development Inventory-Attitude Scale were investigated. It was concluded that responses to the VDI-Att are not significantly affected by acquiescence; rather, it was hypothesized that they can be conceptually related to discrimination learning…

Intercorrelations among 71 items of the Cornell Critical Thinking Test revealed five dimensions: relevance; irrelevance; differentiating levels of reliability of observations or of authorities; accuracy of deduction; and determination of the accuracy of an assumption. The test may lack construct validity, as only the deduction factor could be…

Investigates the effects of situational variables on the likelihood of the use of four types of strategies to resist compliance-gaining attempts: (1) identity managing, (2) negotiation, (3) justifying, and (4) nonnegotiation. Other variables considered were level of agent-target intimacy, consequences of noncompliance, and rights of the target to…

Questionnaires, as well as an inventory of cost and likelihood appraisal of negative social and non-social events, were filled in by 184 adolescents. It was expected, and supported by the results, that social anxiety would be related to low perceived social competence and threat appraisal, whereas depression would be related to more general…

Theorists and practitioners have long recognised that working with trauma clients can trigger reactions in the therapist similar to those experienced by the client. Nevertheless, research in this area has been lacking. One obstacle has been confusion regarding key terms. Vicarious traumatisation is the most appropriate concept given that it…

Students high in moral development cheated less than other students overall, but in a low threat/low supervision situation, they were just as likely to cheat as subjects low in moral development. (Ed.)

Raises the need to reexamine Piaget's model of development in terms of its capacity to incorporate instances of cognitive regression into the structural framework of the theory. (CS)

Repressors and sensitizers were given "noncontextual" and "contextual" tasks, with galvanic skin response as a measure of arousal. Results from the noncontextual task showed that repressors had lower arousal levels than sensitizers during perception and verbal report, but higher during free association. Findings were reversed, however, in the…

Five experiments are reported. One conclusion in that repressor-type high need-for-approval subjects made the discrimination and permitted less favorable self-description, but sensitizer-type high need-for-approval subjects did not. (DB)

Finds little support for previous research that the use of persuasive strategy is dependent on situational variables, such as intimacy of the interpersonal relationship and duration of the consequences of compliance or noncompliance. Concludes, rather, that the use of a strategy may depend on unanalyzed aspects of the message content. (PD)

Female undergraduates performed tasks that examined the effect of particular situations on Fear of Success (FOS). No differences in FOS were found among three experimental groups, although performance behavior differed significantly. Results suggest the need for better measures of both the situationality of FOS and the phenomenon of FOS itself.…