Presents nine steps in an adapted version of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT), a group work method to foster positive attitudes toward self and others and develop coping skills among incarcerates reentering society from prison. Appendices list tasks relevant to incarcerates and results from implementation of NGT in Family Problems Class during…

Suggests our society strongly needs thinking that is constructive, generative, and organizing; describes an educational program, CoRT (Cognitive Research Trust), which teaches creative thinking as a skill; and presents reasons for teaching thinking as a specific subject area. (MBR)

Clarifies the basic relationships between review and drill and, by analyzing a sample review lesson in world history, illustrates their effective use. (JES)

Two stages of skill development are: declarative (facts are interpreted) and procedural (knowledge is embodied in skill procedures). Knowledge compilation moves skills from the declarative to procedural stage in subprocesses of composition, which collapses sequences of productions into single productions, and proceduralization, which embeds…

Examines how children develop as writers and presents new ways of looking at children's problem solving in what they do and say during the writing process. Presents an outline of the general orders of child focus in the writing process. (HTH)

Most first- and fourth-year medical students in one school were unable to solve a written problem case, suggesting that medical education has failed to teach the skills of formulating overall hypotheses and subhypotheses before choosing treatment options. (Author/MSE)

The Career Treatment Strategy Model integrates personal and career counseling in four phases: assessment of life and career issues, preemployment skill development and reduction of career anxiety, job search skill development, and job placement and retention. It works with a range of clients, including those in transition, the socially isolated,…

Cognitive apprenticeship teaches acceptable performance, integration of practical and theoretical knowledge, and understanding specific situations. Five phases are involved: modeling, approximating, fading, self-directed learning, and generalizing. (SK)

Reviews research on consultative problem solving. Contends that, although there is general support for effectiveness of consultation in resolving problems and in improving consultees' skills for solving future problems, there is need for additional methods to facilitate the process. Suggests direct training of consultees in behavior management,…

Explains scaffolding as temporary steps in the learning process where higher skills build on mastering more simple skills, often with the help of an expert. Topics include elaboration theory; joint problem solving; promoting self-regulation; Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD); and inner speech and external speech. (LRW)

Describes creative thinking as an underutilized problem-solving skill that can be learned and applied to any situation. Explains how academic librarians can understand, develop, and use their creative thinking abilities and skills in the workplace and discusses library organizational culture, institutional culture, and empowerment. (Author/LRW)

This article describes competitions across a range of curricular areas that develop students' problem solving skills by setting authentic, real-world tasks. As individuals or members of a team, students in these competitions are challenged with finding solutions to problems faced not only in today's scientific and technological world, but also in…

Given the privileged status claimed for active learning in a variety of domains (visuomotor learning, causal induction, problem solving, education, skill learning), the present study examines whether action-based learning is a necessary, or a sufficient, means of acquiring the relevant skills needed to perform a task typically described as…

Although the subject has been debated and examined for more than 3 decades, it is still not clear whether all psychotherapies are equally efficacious. The authors conducted 7 meta-analyses (with a total of 53 studies) in which 7 major types of psychological treatment for mild to moderate adult depression (cognitive-behavior therapy, nondirective…

Pragmatic social constructivist teaching methods require students to construct knowledge by engaging collaboratively with realistic problems, cases or projects. It is hypothesized that they are more effective than traditional didactic teaching methods in developing undergraduate students': (1) theoretical knowledge; (2) profession-specific skills;…