Background/Context: The UN Sustainable Development Goals include a renewed commitment to inclusive and equitable education for all and will maintain pressure on governments in low-income countries to ensure this provision. A range of prominent researchers and institutional actors continue to explore and to promote low-fee private schools (LFPSs)…

Describes reform efforts in one urban ghetto school, examining processes and events that illustrate how social manifestations of racial and social class can combine to vitiate reform efforts. Barriers to reform efforts in ghetto schools are detailed. (SM)

Examines three categories of theories on educating disadvantaged students in ghetto schools: institutional deficiency, developmental deficiency, and cultural deficiency. The discussion focuses on problems and solutions within the schools and society. It stresses the need for community commitment, social change, and strong leadership to help…