Summarizes life and work of political and economic reformer, Frank Parsons, giving special attention to his founding of the Vocation Bureau, often described as the origin of professional counseling in the United States. Asserts that Parsons offered challenging example for counselors today as both social crusader and pioneer in systematic guidance…

Describes the life and work of John Howard, the great English prison reformer, who pioneered in exposing certain inequities of the English social system through his publications, his investigation of prison conditions first hand, and his appearances before Parliament. (CT)

Dazzled by the potential of model housing as a solution to Boston's housing problem after the Civil War, Henry Bowditch founded the Boston Co-operative Building Company. Details of the company's operation provides insight into the nature of the housing problem and the mind of the nineteenth-century housing reformer. (Author/RM)

Outlines the career of Nathanial Allen, a nineteenth century educator and reformer. Focuses on his school which was racially and sexually integrated. (MK)

Argues that the temperance movement is unique in American history because of its longevity, tracing its roots back to the colonial period and forward to the present, and because of its success in ratifying an amendment to the Constitution. Discusses rhetorical strategies used in the movement's success. (TB)

This is the first of two articles about aspects of the correctional education (CE) professional identity issue. This article addresses the meaning of the CE/prison reform link, and discusses the lives of two 19th-century CE/prison reform heroes: Alexander Maconochie and Zebulon Brockway. (CT)

In the early 1900s adults found the theatre unsatisfactory entertainment for children. In the name of children's rights, children were forced out of the audience and off the stage of New York's professional theatres. (PD)

Early stages of the development of educational philosophy in the United States involved the social reform movement of the 1890s, populism, progressivism, social science, literary history, muckraking, Hull House, and the work of Herbert Spencer and John Dewey. (SK)

Profiles nine women's clubs in Buffalo, 1876-1914. Argues that through such clubs, women pressed for personal and educational growth for themselves and then insisted on using their new knowledge and confidence to influence the city to offer more humane and generous services for all its citizens. (CMG)

This paper is concerned with the history of the attempt of progressive-era students at Bryn Mawr College to explore their interest in social-reform work through the writing that they did in required composition courses. In particular, the paper focuses on how these women attempted to fashion a public voice for themselves that could articulate…

Reviews the history of reform movements in secondary education in the context of the overall development of secondary education since the 19th century. Suggests treating reports advocating reform as position papers helping make broad social changes intelligible by revealing the shifting relationships between changing concepts of education and…

In an examination of the dynamics that mold a bill and keep it before the attention of the national legislature, this paper traces the behind-the-scenes history of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), H.R. 925, from its origin as a benefit solely for pregnant women workers to its current status as a broad remedy for the stresses of modern…

From the launch of Sputnik in 1957 until the approval of Proposition 13 in California in 1978, pressures for academic and social reform prompted numerous changes in the schools. Academic reforms were begun first, focusing on curricular revisions in reading, mathematics, and science. Social reform efforts led to the equalization of access to…

A content analysis of "McClure's Magazine," often cited as initiating the muckraking era, was undertaken to assess whether muckraking content constituted the dominant element in the appeal the magazine had for its readers. The publication period 1903-1905 was chosen for the study; each monthly issue was examined; and each article,…

Presents a definition and historical review of organized advocacy for children and families. Discusses the differences between case and class advocacy and highlights four proven strategies for successful advocacy. (SJL)