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What Works Clearinghouse Rating
Peer reviewedBauman, Karl E.; Bryan, Elizabeth S. – Youth and Society, 1983
Found support for the hypothesis that subjective-expected utility (the degree to which expected consequences of a behavior when considered together by the individual are perceived as either more positive or more nagative) accounts for the fact that male adolescents drink more beer than females. (CMG)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Drinking, Sex Differences, Social Behavior
Peer reviewedVlietstra, Alice G.; Manske, Sandra H. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1981
The first study examined preschool children's looks directed toward male and female adults. More than one adult of each sex participated, and measures were taken of eye contact as well as of exploratory behavior. The second study examined children's looks toward adults in relation to their interpretation of an adult's gaze. (RH)
Descriptors: Adults, Preschool Children, Sex Differences, Social Behavior
Peer reviewedFerguson, Lucy Rau – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly of Behavior and Development, 1971
Paper presented at the Merrill-Palmer Conference on Research and Teaching of Infant Development, February 13-15, 1970. (JE)
Descriptors: Imitation, Infants, Interaction, Sex Differences
Peer reviewedWilliams, Dorie Giles – Sex Roles, 1985
In a survey of 508 undergraduates, males reported significantly lower levels of emotional intimacy in same-sex friendship than females. Masculinity, defined in terms of "instrumental" qualities, had little effect on the degree of reported intimacy, while femininity, defined in terms of "expressive" qualities, was positively…
Descriptors: Femininity, Friendship, Masculinity, Peer Relationship
Peer reviewedSmye, Marti Diane; Wine, Jeri Dawn – Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 1980
The study described revealed gender differences in adolescents' patterns of overt and covert interpersonal social behaviors. Females' overt behaviors were more competent in terms of greater eye contact, situationally appropriate self-expressiveness, and adoption of independent stances. Males were more likely to respond in an inappropriately…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Aggression, Assertiveness, Interpersonal Relationship
Peer reviewedZanna, Mark P.; Pack, Susan J. – Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1975
A study was conducted to test the notion that a person's behavior conforms explicitly to the sex-role stereotype that attractive others have regarding the person's gender. (Editor)
Descriptors: Research Methodology, Sex Differences, Sex Stereotypes, Social Behavior
Peer reviewedKrasnor, Linda Rose; Rubin, Kenneth H. – Child Development, 1983
The frequency and distribution of social problem-solving strategies, goals, targets, and outcomes were coded during preschoolers' free play. Flexibility and persistence in problem-solving sequences were examined, and the relative importance of strategies, goals, targets, and the identity of the problem solver in predicting social problem-solving…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Preschool Education, Problem Solving
Peer reviewedFeshbach, Norma; Sones, Gittelle – Developmental Psychology, 1971
Findings suggest a stable sex difference in response to outsiders which has roots in child's early developmental history. Boys were more friendly to newcomers than girls were. (NH)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Aggression, Friendship, Group Dynamics
Peer reviewedSantrock, John W.; And Others – Child Development, 1982
The effects of remarriage on the parent's and the child's social behavior were studied by comparing 12 children whose biological mothers had remarried, 12 children whose mothers were divorced but had not remarried, and 12 children from intact, father-present families. (Author/RH)
Descriptors: Children, Divorce, Emotional Response, Fathers
Peer reviewedVlietstra, Alice G. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1980
The amount of adult direction was experimentally manipulated, and its effects on social and exploratory behaviors were examined. Children from preschools with varying levels of adult-directed activity were included in the study to assess parallels in the effect of adult direction in experimental and naturally occurring school situations.…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Sex Differences, Social Behavior, Student Teacher Relationship
Peer reviewedCrick, Nicki R.; And Others – Child Development, 1996
Evaluated whether children view relationally manipulative behaviors as "aggressive." In study one, relational aggression was the most frequently cited angry behavior for girls' interactions; physical aggression was most frequently cited for boys. In study two, relational aggression and verbal insults were the most frequently cited harmful…
Descriptors: Aggression, Childhood Attitudes, Interpersonal Competence, Peer Relationship
Peer reviewedCowan, Gloria; Avants, S. Kelly – Child Development, 1988
Investigates factors of social influence strategies employed by 195 children aged 11-15 and 114 mothers. Girls reported more frequent use and success of strategies anticipating noncompliance and boys more frequent use and success of autonomous strategies. Mothers reported differential reinforcement of boys' and girls' strategies. (RJC)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Factor Structure, Mothers, Parent Child Relationship
Peer reviewedKent, Joan Held Kopfstein – Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1975
Self-disclosure was examined in the present study under two situations and with varying expectancies and need for social approval. (Author)
Descriptors: Interaction Process Analysis, Personality Assessment, Psychological Needs, Research Projects
Peer reviewedFox, Margery; And Others – Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1985
An in-depth interview format was used to explore gender and age differences in friendship patterns. Groups described friendship in superficially similar ways. However, in the taped interviews, large gender differences appeared that followed conceptually along instrumental/expressive dimensions. Age differences also appeared. (Author/ABB)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Empathy, Friendship, Interaction Process Analysis
Peer reviewedHorstman, Ann M.; Bornstein, Philip H. – Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 1985
In a study of the relationship between third graders' social skill behaviors and peer judgments, children assessing videotaped vignettes in which female peers exhibited different social skills and deficits responded more favorably to socially skilled girls. Furthermore, gender apparently influenced children's sociometric and attractiveness ratings…
Descriptors: Children, Elementary Education, Grade 3, Interpersonal Competence
