An instrument for the study of socialization has been developed, norms for American suburban middle class boys and girls provided, sex differences in socialization and the leading role of the school in fostering more complex forms of social interaction in play have been demonstrated. (Author)

Highlights key findings described in Barrie Thorne's book, "Gender Play: Girls and Boys in School," which reports research focusing on American children in kindergarten through sixth grade. Indicates that gender segregation starts at birth and that socialization and the environment are the most salient factors in gender segregation. (AC)

Extensive cross sectional data suggest a real continuity between prepubertal attitudes and experience and those of adolescence. The preteen years (10-13) represent a period of preparation for later heterosexual involvement. These findings suggest need to modify traditional points of view regarding patterns of sociosexual development. (Author/CJ)

Contends that, to understand role of gender in psychological problems, counselors need to be aware of gender-socialized individual characteristics, which may affect what psychological problems people develop, associated symptoms, and how people respond to problems. Claims it is important to recognize how broader sociological context presents men…

Differences between males and females have been documented for a number of behaviors. Among the environmental determinants of the development of behavioral sex differences is differential treatment of girls and boys by their parents and teachers. This paper reviews and comments on the research literature concerning differential socialization of…

The authors investigate MacDonald's (1969) hypothesis that a sex by birth order interaction should be observed in measures related to sex typing. Since first borns are more thoroughly socialized, MacDonald reasons, and since parental expectations differ according to the child's sex, then first born boys and girls on sex typed variables.…

Children between 5 and 10 years of age watched boys and girls endorse toys of varying attractiveness and then play with the toys. Boys with gender constancy spent more time than other boys in playing with unattractive sex-typed toys. Among girls, toy play was related to the toy's attractiveness. (BC)

Sex differences in the behavior of infants may have the potential for eliciting differential treatment from adults, regardless of whether or not adults consciously intend to encourage sex-differentiated behavior. The role of biologically-based sex differences in partially determining cognitive development is discussed. Availability information is…

The adverse effects of socialization through education are discussed. Socialization's impact on nondominant class, race, and (particularly) sex groups are noted, and options for dealing with the problem are presented. (JMF)

Attitudinal differences between males and females on certain issues have been repeatedly documented through commercial public polls and academic studies. One of these differences is the greater reluctance on the part of females to support the use of institutional violence as an instrument of public policy. This paper empirically explores the…

Piaget's concept of socialized speech was reevaluated with the use of everyday preschool speech collected during free play on 174 boys and girls aged 2 to 5. (MS)

Proposes addressing the issue of multiple roles and transitions in the dual-career pattern, and of career socialization by gender. Considers development of more egalitarian attitudes and behaviors in society the major issue. Advocates studies on socialization for changing work and family patterns and for role flexibility and interchangeability;…

Systematic observations of affiliative interaction in 15 stable peer groups were conducted across three years in an urban day care center. Groups contained 193 French-speaking children ranging in age from one to six years. (Author/RH)

Examined social, emotional, and cognitive characteristics of American and Chinese 6-year-olds' narratives. Found that, compared to American children, Chinese children showed greater orientation toward social engagement, greater concern with moral correctness, greater concern with authority, a less autonomous orientation, more expressions of…

This document is the fifth in a series of six annotated bibliographies relevant to early childhood education. Its general subject is social, and it includes three subdivisions: interpersonal relations, sex-role identification, and social reinforcement. Each of the 45 abstracts included has been classified by general and specific subject, by focus…