Discusses how social class origins of age-eligible men have affected their likelihood of being drafted into military service since the Civil War. Holds that class bias in any future system must be considered a major social cost accompanying the revival of conscription. (Author/GC)

In 19th century Europe, the dominant classes detested the idea of a free press, seeing it as a middle and lower class weapon. Although repression of the press in Europe existed long before the 19th century, at this time techniques of press repression fell into two major categories: (1) direct--licensing, prior censorship, and post-publication…

Organizational efforts of Black women from the post- revolutionary period to the depression are examined. Informal community organizations of slaves led to benevolent and self-improvement organizations among free women. Major concerns were the family and the uplifting of the race. (VM)

Explores the Mechanics' Institutes of nineteenth-century Britain as a voluntary movement beset by problems of social class, conflicts over the perception of educational needs, and failure to meet those needs. Draws implications for professionalism and volunteerism as part of adult education today. (SK)

In the context of contemporary questions about higher education and the working class, describes the background and the particulars of a debate at Ruskin College, Oxford University (1908) among worker-students, the university chancellor, and representatives of the Workers Educational Association. Offers a comparative analysis of the three…

Analyzes historical changes in the odds of persons progressing within the Hungarian educational system. Changes appear to demonstrate the effectiveness of (1) elimination of a class-based, dual structure of primary education, and (2) administrative control over the process of social inequalities in access to schooling. (Author/GC)

During the period of slavery in the West Indies some slaves became literate. This enhanced their social status and allowed them to move into occupations such as artisan or overseer. They were well informed about the politics of the West Indies, and after emancipation they took advantage of post-slavery society. (VM)

In letters and poetry Frances Ellen Harper wrote about the reconstruction era as it affected and influenced Black women. They confirm that there were values and priorities separate from those of middle class leaders and that Black women were oppressed by Whites and by Black men. (VM)

Examines factionalism within Minnesota Ojibwe Indian villages and its significance before and after the arrival of Europeans and Euramericans. Defines "progressive" and "traditional" Indians and examines sociopolitical differences between Ojibwe factions from 1850 to 1880. Examines roles of young warriors and older civil…

In 1830, Missouri was chosen as the Mormon's "Center Place," a place to live and worship in tranquility for all church members. However, their presence created conflict between themselves and the non-Mormon citizens, and harassment and fighting between the two groups led to the Mormons' expulsion by the state's government in 1838.…

Throughout the educational history of American society, the entrance of a new group was extremely threatening to the established traditionalists already in power at educational institutions. An analysis is done of the advent of various groups onto the American educational scene. Implications are made for modern comparisons. (JN)

Examines how, in the 1920s, policymakers and teachers in Buffalo (New York) designed and implemented a stratified curriculum as an outgrowth of the school district's character training program. They emphasized academics in higher- and middle-socioeconomic status elementary schools and character training in lower-status schools. (Author/BJV)

The author delineates four distinct sectors of higher education which have developed in contemporary France, and discusses how this system has managed to absorb social demand and deflect challenges to its historically stratified and elitist nature. (SJL)

Working from Philippe Aries'"Centuries of Childhood," the author argues that nineteenth century demands for the education of children may be reinterpreted as the creation of a means of keeping children in a state of dependence and so maintaining a defense for anxious adults. (Editor)

This article discusses inequalities in the distribution of educational resources, with emphasis placed on inequalities within school districts. In the first section, racially-based inequalities within school districts are traced from the post Civil War period to the 1960s. Examples of unequal expenditures for black students given in this section…