This paper studies how exclusive social groups shape upward mobility, and whether interactions between low- and high-status peers can integrate the top rungs of the economic and social ladder. Our setting is Harvard in the 1920s and 1930s, where new groups of students arriving on campus encountered a social system centered on exclusive old boys'…

In China, the employment problem of higher education, social governance, and economic development is important. Exploring the employment mechanism and distribution of general colleges and universities can provide empirical evidence to the employment generating ability of colleges and universities and also suggestions for the development of…

We analyze in this paper the long term effect of a high school remedial education program, almost two decades after its implementation. We combine high school records with National Social Security administrative data to examine longer-term outcomes when students were in their early 30s. Our evidence suggest that treated students experienced a 10…

The Ford Foundation International Fellowships Program (IFP), implemented from 2001-2013, was an international fellowship program based on a uniquely inclusive higher education model. Founded on the principle that higher education is an essential long-term investment for addressing major social issues, IFP had two essential goals: ensuring…

Though a relative small part of the school sector, private schools have an important role in British society, and there are policy concerns about their negative effect on social mobility. Other studies show that individuals who have attended a private school go on to have higher levels of educational achievement, are more likely to secure a…

In the last two decades, we have witnessed a rapid expansion of higher education in Mainland China and Taiwan, recording a significant increase in higher education enrolments in these two Chinese societies. The massification of higher education in China and Taiwan has inevitably resulted in an oversupply of university graduates, with growing…

Gender inequalities persist in all areas of social and economic life and across countries. Young women in OECD countries generally obtain more years of schooling than young men, but women are less likely than men to engage in paid work. Gaps widen with age, as motherhood typically has marked negative effects on gender pay gaps and career…

This report revisits the debate about why social mobility levels are relatively low in Great Britain and the United States of America compared to other countries. It focuses on three main areas within this debate: (1) the changing role of educational inequalities; (2) the expectation of ever higher levels of education as revealed in increasing…

This article examines the mobility of eight different occupational groups into the occupation of public school teacher. The results indicate that the position of public school teacher is presently more accessible to children of lower prestige origins than it was 30 years ago. (DE)

This report of a survey of black faculty and administrators from predominantly white colleges and universities provides data on birth and mobility patterns, relates black professional distribution by institutional size academic areas and positions, sex and age distribution, length of employment, salary levels, and areas of work. (EH)

Although limited in scope, census data still provide the best general indexes of social change in the United States and where comparable categories over time periods exist the data can provide the basis for making decisions relevant to anticipated changes in the future. Changes from rural to urban residence among blacks in various age groups are…

Results of field research conducted in South Texas during 1982-1983 suggest that immigration leads to downward social mobility with respect to legal status of household members, type of employment, and property ownership. Hypothesizes that household immigration from Mexico is a response to new opportunity structures and widening employment…

Hispanic business ownership has existed in Tucson, Arizona since before 1854, when legislation allowed the federal government to acquire the city and surrounding territory. Ranching and agriculture were primary sources of income for early Hispanic settlers but they also were able to diversify into other economic sectors. As Hispanics became…

In this paper, trends in the occupational mobility of black and white men are compared. Emphasis was placed upon the effects of occupational origins on the changing occupation distributions of blacks and whites and with the possibility of convergence between the occupational mobility of blacks and whites. It was found that there has been some…

This document contains two papers that examine mobility and migration of labor in the European Union and discuss specific implications for young people. The "Foreword" (Jordi Planas) examines the practical and symbolic role that establishment of the right to freedom of movement for European citizens plays in the process of construction…