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Direct linkYung, Kevin Wai Ho – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2020
Access to private tutoring, or shadow education, significantly contributes to the increasing disparities in the attainment of language learners from different family backgrounds worldwide. In ESL/EFL contexts, many students subscribe to English private tutoring (EPT) in hopes of getting good English results in high-stakes examinations to secure a…
Descriptors: Social Mobility, Tutoring, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction
Velazquez, Isabel – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2013
This article reports the results of a social network analysis (SNA) performed on the mother's primary network of interaction in 15 Mexican American families in the city of El Paso, Texas, the neighbourhood of La Villita, in Chicago, and the city of Lincoln, Nebraska. The goal of this study was to examine potential opportunities for Spanish use by…
Descriptors: Mothers, Socialization, Social Networks, Network Analysis
