Grade retention is often perceived as an academic failure and a negative response from the educational system. Hence, based on the social cognitive theory, being retained might decrease self-efficacy. This way, we expect that retainees are less likely to pursue a degree in higher education. Retainees that do enroll in higher education, are…

This dissertation examined how higher education impacts economic outcomes, focusing on variables like age, sex, and socioeconomic status using meta-analysis. It acknowledged higher education's macro-level benefits in economic growth and addresses individual-level barriers to access. The study aimed to understand the nuanced relationships between…

Debates about grade retention weigh the academic benefits of remediation against its social and psychological costs. Louisiana adopted a retention policy aimed at capturing these benefits while mitigating the harm. It used test score thresholds to distinguish between retention in grade 8, promotion to grade 9, and a grade "8.5" where…

No fail or social promotion policies have been implemented in many countries around the world over the last sixty years. Are these policies harmful or helpful in regard to academic achievement and well being of students? This article examines the trends of social promotion policy in the United States and Thailand. Research has been conducted at…

Academic entitlement, an attitude marked by students' beliefs that they are owed something in the educational experience apart from what they might earn from their effort, has received attention recently in the literature. In previous work, academic entitlement has been shown to be related to parenting styles and personality constructs. The…

Federal education policy in recent years has encouraged state and local education agencies to embrace data use and analysis in decision-making, ranging from policy development and implementation to performance evaluation. The capacity of these agencies to make effective and methodologically sound use of collected data for these purposes remains an…