This paper is based on an address given at the Nineteenth Congress of the International Union of Scientific Psychology at Tokyo in August, 1972. Some steps toward a new paradigm are described in the form of seven koan. (Author/JB)

To find if children do become desensitized to violence, a test for a measurable physiological difference in emotional response to filmed violence was administered to children who are high exposure and low exposure television viewers. (Author/KM)

A model of achievement behavior incorporates the findings that attributions to ability and task were associated with high expectancies following success and low expectancies following failure, and that attributions to effort and luck were associated with low expectancies following success and high expectancies following failure. (Author/KM)

Forty-eight 8-year-old and forty eight 12-year-old Dutch boys evaluated a story of aggression. Both groups judged the act more negatively when the agressor's intentions were bad, but the younger boys relied more on the consequences to determine their judgment than did the older boys. (Author/KM)

Three experiments examined children's use of equity and parity forms of justice in determining the allocation of rewards. Results suggest that children are highly motivated to follow rules of justice. (Author/KM)

Level of moral maturity was assessed in a group of children three to six years old, using stories or films to elicit judgments about relative goodness or badness. At all age levels, training had a significant effect in changing the moral orientation of the children. (Author/KM)

This article examines how an individual's evaluation of moral judgments are influenced by the extent to which they are consistent with his own beliefs, as well as by the quality of their supportive reasoning. (DE)

The authors construct a form of cognitive algebra to determine judgement processes. In this study performance was found to equal motivation times ability. (DE)

This study dealt with the question of white versus black superiority in learning, viewing such differences in sociocultural terms. (Author)

This study confirmed the prediction that members of a dyad, whose work inputs are equal, endeavor to divide their joint reward equally. Results also suggested that outcomes intentionally produced by relevant others are included in the computation of equity, while unintentional outcomes are ignored. (Author/KM)

The research reported in this article examines the accuracy of outside observers in perceiving emergent leadership in small groups. The level of precision reflected in the average of all subjects, indicated that the observers were generally accurate in knowing how group members were rated by their group. (Author/KM)

This study, concerned with distinguishing between the public and private determinants of self-presentational strategy, tests the hypothesis that one consequence of another's prior knowledge about a person is an implicit pressure on that person to act in a way consistent with what the other already knows about him or her. Subjects were 90…

An analysis of theory and research in social psychology reveals that while methods of research are scientific in character, theories of social behavior are primarily reflections of contemporary history. (Author)

The author examines how students in three countries use four styles of cognitive integration (affective balance, affective-evaluative consistency, centralization, and image comparability) within the cognitive domains of nations, acquaintances, self-roles, and family relations. (DE)

Black students categorized 50 situations describing black-white interaction according to advisable social distance. Findings indicate one's attitudes are related to one's reference groups and to the actual interaction situations encountered. (JB)