Geography education research has identified several concerns in geography education and recognizes several systemic and cyclical issues which serve to impede effective implementation of geography education. A pattern to be recognized in the review of literature is the consistent communicated concerns of ill-prepared geography teachers.…

The purpose of geography education is to foster the development of citizens who will actively seek and systematically apply the knowledge and skills of geography in life situations. Geography education must be responsive to the abilities and needs of students and to the societal and workplace requirements of the community, the nation, and the…

The authors of this report aim to understand the health of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education and labor market in the Appalachia region -- defined as the intersection of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia -- with a focus on the mining and extraction industry. This report is the third in a three-part series.…

This second of five annual reports focuses on employment and wages in energy and advanced manufacturing-related industries and on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education indicators in the Appalachia Partnership Initiative (API) region, comprising twenty-seven counties in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Together,…

The 21st century will require knowledge and skill well beyond the basic levels of reading and arithmetic that American schools know how to produce more or less reliably. Delivering a "thinking curriculum" to all American students requires major reform in the ways schools and districts organize their work. The transformation of the…

This first of five annual reports focuses on employment and wages in energy and advanced manufacturing--related industries and on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education indicators in the Appalachia Partnership Initiative (API) region. Together, these reports will capture trends over the next four years to (1) inform the…

The general procedures used to develop educational objectives for the National Assessment of Educational Progress are outlined, as are the procedures used to develop citizenship objectives. Ten general objectives are stated: "show concern for the welfare and dignity of others"; "support rights and freedoms of all individuals";…

To facilitate the secondary analysis of citizenship and social studies data collected by the National Assessment for Educational Progress, this project constructed a set of three consolidated data archives and provided a simplified documentation system for users. The three consolidated files produced were (1) the 1971-72 Social Studies Assessment,…

This document contains 99 exercises from the 1971-72 social studies assessment. The intended audience is researchers who need detailed information about the exercises and state and local educators who want to use the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) exercises in their own assessment programs. The document includes a copy of the…

In the past years the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) has released results from a variety of learning areas. The purpose of this paper is to point out male-female differences in achievement across several learning areas. Hopefully, the results discussed here will be used as a basis for examining the possible existence of social…

Discussed in this report are the results of the first social studies assessment from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, a project of the Education Commission of the States. Exercises especially designed to test the attainment of social studies skills, knowledges, and attitudes were administered to a random sampling of 9-year-olds,…