Adults' development of literacy and numeracy skills that can enable them to navigate the demands of contemporary life and be prepared for the future is central to their economic, social, and personal well-being and the functioning of society. This article discusses the role of literacy and numeracy in adult learning and education, beginning with the current status of literacy and numeracy skills in OECD countries and economies. Explored are the types of frameworks and standards that are used to guide adults' acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills and approaches to delivering instructional and supportive services for those adults. The article concludes with challenges and considerations in strengthening literacy and numeracy as critical components of adult learning and education.