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Gibbs, John C.; Basinger, Karen S.; Grime, Rebecca L.; Snarey, John R. – Developmental Review, 2007
This article revisits Kohlberg's cognitive developmental claims that stages of moral judgment, facilitative processes of social perspective-taking, and moral values are commonly identifiable across cultures. Snarey [Snarey, J. (1985). "The cross-cultural universality of social-moral development: A critical review of Kohlbergian research."…
Descriptors: Maturity (Individuals), Moral Values, Value Judgment, Moral Development

Orteza y Miranda, Evelina – Journal of Educational Thought/Revue de la Pensee Educative, 1994
Argues that achieving the objectives of moral education (e.g., enabling students to learn how to govern themselves and exercise moral autonomy) requires consideration of both subjective and objective aspects of moral matters. Discusses Mordecai Nisan's concept of moral balance, with respect to conflict resolution. Applies the model in a discussion…
Descriptors: Ethical Instruction, Ethics, Higher Education, Moral Development
Wilson, J. Andrew – 1995
This research paper attempts to show that the country's dualistic views between perceived morals and practiced morals have confused youth to the point they have difficulty telling right from wrong. The paper advocates that schools should take a more active role in moral education before that role is thrust upon them by a decaying family structure.…
Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, Ethical Instruction, Ethics, Moral Development
Sametz, Lynn – 1981
This study explored the relationship between children's sense of justice for a criminal offender and their cognitive level. Subjects were 60 children, 10 boys and 10 girls at each of the following developmental or cognitive levels: preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. Each child was individually pretested for cognitive…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Children, Cognitive Development, Concept Formation

Saltzstein, D. Herbert – Human Development, 1994
Underlines two major differences between moral judgments and moral behavior. For behavior, the moral situation is construed from an observer's perspective after the event and typically involves conflicts between moral and other kinds of pressures. For judgment, the situation is interpreted from the self's perspective in advance and often involves…
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Cognitive Development, Conflict of Interest, Decision Making

Smetana, G. Judith – Human Development, 1994
Comments on the issues introduced by Saltzstein (PS 522 554) in this issue. Elaborates on Saltzstein's proposed social cognitive factors that may account for discrepancies between moral reasoning and action, highlighting strengths and weaknesses. (AA)
Descriptors: Attribution Theory, Cognitive Development, Conflict of Interest, Decision Making
Kahn, Peter H., Jr.; McCoy, Ann – 1992
Two studies of the development of children's moral relationships with nature addressed such questions as: (1) What does it mean to say that we have an obligation not to harm the natural environment? (2) Does the natural environment feel pain? (3) Does it have rights? or (4) Is moral obligation an inappropriate construct by which to understand the…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Development, Conservation (Environment), Elementary Education

Trainer, F. E. – Journal of Moral Education, 1983
The debate between objectivists, who see right and wrong as fixed, and the subjectivists, who see moral positions as the result of human needs and desires, is often neglected in studying moral development and the goals of moral education. Surveys involving 2300 respondents show the importance of this dichotomy. (IS)
Descriptors: Adults, Developmental Stages, Educational Research, Ethical Instruction

Johnson, Conrad D. – Educational Theory, 1981
The relationship between moral thinking at the level of specific rules and precepts and at the abstract, universal level is discussed, and it is argued that the first-level virtues are as necessary as those based on abstraction. The demands of education for moral life in a pluralistic society are considered. (PP)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Codes of Ethics, Decision Making, Democratic Values

Nisan, Mordecai – Journal of Moral Education, 1988
Investigates the development of a perception of values in childhood. Perception of values is defined as being different than those of morality and conventions. Responses to seven scenarios are analyzed. Concludes that there is a distinct concept of values among children and that the instinct for this increases with age. (KO)
Descriptors: Childhood Attitudes, Educational Research, Elementary School Students, Experimental Psychology

Perry, Constance M.; McIntire, Walter G. – Adolescence, 1995
Found that early adolescents use various models to make moral decisions. These include care (wishing others not to suffer), justice (decisions made according to principles), and narrowly concerned or selfish. Males and females used all three modes, with males being more likely to choose the narrowly concerned mode. (RJM)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Daily Living Skills, Decision Making Skills, Individual Development

Tan, Sok Khim – Science and Education, 1997
Argues for the inclusion of societal and moral values in science classrooms. The task for Malaysian science educators is to raise awareness of these values. Contains 40 references. (Author/PVD)
Descriptors: Citizenship, Curriculum Development, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education

Beck, Clive – Journal of Moral Education, 1989
Explores the question: Is there development in morality, in terms of improvement from one age level to the next, or is there simply change? Argues that the best way to approach moral education is to assume moral equality among children, adolescents, and adults and to strive for the improvement of society in general. (GG)
Descriptors: Adolescent Development, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Elementary Secondary Education

Lamb, Sharon – Journal of Moral Education, 1993
Reports on a longitudinal study of four toddlers and the relationship of the development of moral awareness to maternal communications. Concludes that a 17-18-month period is a crucial transition period and calls for research into the relationship between emotional development and moral awareness. (CFR)
Descriptors: Behavior Theories, Early Childhood Education, Early Experience, Ethics

Rest, James R. – Journal of Moral Education, 1988
Reviews theories which link college attendance and moral judgment. Evaluation is made on basis of longitudinal, experimental, correlational, educational, and life experience studies. The theories of generalized understanding, intellectual stimulation, and generalized learning are found to be more plausible than simple age/maturation,…
Descriptors: Codes of Ethics, Cognitive Development, Educational Environment, Educational Research
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