The behaving organism is described as a system with internal motivational and memory components which guide the actions of external input and output components. The organism actively shapes its environment by using its output to control its input from the environment. Output is a function of the psychological forces, topographic memory, and input contemporaneous with output. Behavior is the relationship between output and input. Behavior change is seen as a function of changes in the internal state of the organism. The phenomena of random, trial and error, and direct effectance behavior, centrality, learning performance, attention, chaining and symbolism are explored from this framework. The behavior of persons is described in terms of social behavior shaping through chaining and symbolism. Means of changing the behavior of persons are suggested. (Author)