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von Spakovsky, Hans A.; Butcher, Jonathan – Heritage Foundation, 2020
Disparate impact is the dubious approach to civil rights enforcement that claims that an entirely neutral policy that does not discriminate on its face, is not intended to discriminate, and does not actually treat individuals differently based on their race still constitutes illegal racial discrimination if it has a "disproportionate"…
Descriptors: Racial Discrimination, Disproportionate Representation, Discipline, Suspension
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Graves, Karen – American Educational History Journal, 2014
The "Bakke" decision marked a turning point in higher education. Tested again most recently in "Fisher v. University of Texas at Austin," affirmative action policy remains in place even as the Roberts Court shakes its foundation by demanding a degree of administrative oversight not pursued by previous Courts. In spite of…
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Affirmative Action, Higher Education, Disproportionate Representation