Today, almost a century after gaining access to the country's most prestigious secondary schools, determining the academic achievement of African Trinidadian students remains a challenge as neither Trinidad and Tobago's Ministry of Education nor the Caribbean Examination Council, the regional agency responsible for administering standardized…

Certificates are recognition of completion of a course of study based on a specific field, usually associated with a limited set of occupations. Certificates differ from other kinds of labor market credentials such as industry-based certifications and licenses, which typically involve passing an examination to prove a specific competency,…

A study of 21 flagship public universities and four entire state systems (in Maryland, North Carolina, Ohio, and Virginia), conducted by the authors, demonstrates that if this country is to regain its leadership in higher education, it must fix two interwoven problems: (1) the stagnant level of overall educational attainment, as measured by…

One of the major responsibilities of school psychologists is assessment, one goal of which is to provide services for children who need assistance in meeting the demands of the student role. Mercer (1977) points out that the student role includes two dimensions (social and cognitive), that student success depends upon progress in both dimensions,…

Vocational education has a long history of association with differentiated curricula in the American high school. But within the last two decades there has been a movement for curriculum change--a new vocationalism--that has sought to draw the subject closer to the dominant academic mainstream. This study of high school principals (n = 665)…

This book focuses on topics germane to cognitive abilities viewed from a "minority psychology" perspective. The most contentious chapters concern test bias and heredity, with culture, socioeconomic status, and case viewed as the chief explanations for test score differences between social classes and racial and ethnic groups. The reviewer…

This integrative study of student socioeconomic status (SES), race and gender focused on mathematics achievement and self-esteem in the school context. Data for the study were derived from the Pennsylvania Educational Quality Assessment Program for the years 1981 through 1984. Analyses were conducted at the fifth, eighth, and eleventh grade…

This report summarizes results of ethnographic research and a survey on how home climate, school climate, and interaction between the two might affect learning and school behavior among students of different racial/ethnic groups, sex, and socioeconomic background; and provides guidelines for measuring and improving equity in multicultural schools.…

This study demonstrates that the validity and usefulness of mathematics achievement tests can be improved by defining psychologically meaningful subscores that yield differential relations with student, teacher, and school variables. The National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88) 8th- and 10th-grade math tests were subjected to full…

The specific focus of this research was to determine how the outcomes on two alternative forms of assessment (multiple-choice and hands-on/manipulative) for science process skills were related when students were grouped on the basis of sex, race/ethnicity, and poverty level. Subjects were 1,381 fourth graders in a culturally diverse city school…